Past Tense Preterite Imperfect Preterite vs Imperfect Preterite

Past Tense Preterite Imperfect Preterite vs Imperfect

Preterite conjugation l Regular Verb Endings: ___-ar__ _ -é -amos -asteis -ó -aron ____-er/-ir___ -í -imos -isteis -ió -ieron

Preterite conjugation Irregular Yo l Yo spelling changes: l -car l -gar l -zar -qué -gué -cé

Otros verbos –car acercarse (to come near, approach) buscar (to look for) arrancar (to pull out, start (engine) chocar (to crash) colocar (to place, put) complicar (to complicate) comunicar (to communicate) criticar (to criticize, critique) dedicar (to dedicate, devote) educar (to educate) embarcarse (to board, go on board) marcar (to dial, mark) equivocarse (to make a mistake) masticar (to chew) fabricar (to make, manufacture) pescar (to fish) justificar (to justify, give a reason for) platicar (to chat) practicar (to practice) secar (to dry) explicar (to explain) sacar (to take out, remove, receive [grades])

Otros verbos –gar agregar (to add) ahogarse (to drown) apagar (to turn off) cargar (to carry, load) castigar (to punish) despegar (to take off, peel off) pagar (to pay) pegar (to hit, glue) tragar (to swallow) llegar (to arrive) encargar (to put in charge, order [goods]) Stem changers colgar (ue) (to hang up) fregar (ie) to wash dishes, scrub) negar (ie) (to deny) regar (ie) (to water plants) jugar (ue) (to play a game, sports) rogar (ue) (to beg)

Otros verbos –zar almorzar (to eat lunch) abrazar (to hug) aterrizar (to land) cruzar (to cross) comenzar (ie) (to begin) empezar (ie) (to begin) especializarse en (to specialize in, major in) garantizar (to guarantee) gozar (to enjoy) lanzar (to throw) rezar (to pray) realizar (to carry out, attain, realize) tranquilizar (to calm down) tropezar (ie) (to trip, stumble) utilizar (to use, make use of)

Preterite Irregular Conjugation -uve group l andar- to walk – l tener- to have – l anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvisteis, anduvieron tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron estar- to be – estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron

Preterite Irregular Conjugation I group l hacer- to do, to make – l venir- to come – l hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron querer- to want – quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron

Preterite Irregular Conjugation J group l traer- to bring – l decir- to have – l traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron traducir- to translate (all -ucir verbs like conducir to drive) – traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron

Preterite Irregular Conjugation supe, pu- group l saber- to know – l poner- to put – l supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron poder- to be able – pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron

Preterite Irregular Conjugation Other Verbs l caber- to fit – l cupe, cupiste, cupo, cupimos, cupisteis, cupieron satisfacer– satisfice, satisficiste, satisfizo, satisficimos, satisficisteis, satisficieron

Preterite Irregular Conjugation l Ser- to be and ir- to go. (You know which verb it is by using context of the sentence) fuimos fuisteis fueron

Dar and Ver dar- to give di dimos disteis dio dieron ver- to see vi vimos visteis vio vieron

Preterite Stem Changers l l l Stem changes occur in –ir verbs only. Stem changes occur in él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds only. Stem changes are: – – e o i u

Preterite Stem Changers sentir (ei, i) (to feel) advertir (ei, i) (to warn) convertir (ei, i) (to convert) convertirse (ei, i) (to become) divertir (ei, i) (to amuse) mentir (ei, i) (to lie) divertirse (ei, i) (to amuse oneself) preferir (ei, i) (to prefer) sentir (ei, i) (to feel, be sorry) sentirse (ei, i) (to feel) dormir (ue, u) (to sleep) morir (ue, u) (to die) dormirse (ue, u) (to fall asleep)

Preterite Stem Changers servir (i, i) (to serve) repetir (i, i) (to repeat) despedir (i, i) (to fire someone) pedir (i, i) (to ask for, request) conseguir (i, i) (to get, obtain) vestirse (i, i) (to dress oneself) despedirse de (i, i) (to say good-bye to) medir (i, i) (to measure) seguir (i, i) (to continue) vestir (i, i) (to dress) reír (i, i) (to smile) sonreír (i, i) (to laugh) freír (i, i) (to fry)

Preterite conjugation i to y change (not –uir) l Verbs that end in –er or –ir whose stem ends in a vowel, change i to y in the 3 rd person forms, él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds only. leer leíste leyó leímos leistéis leyeron caerse (to fall down), creer (to believe), oír (to hear), poseer (to posess)

Preterite conjugation -uir verbs (not –guir verbs) Verbs ending in –uir also change i to y. (Note: there are no accents on tú, nosotros, y vosotros) concluir- (to conclude) concluí concluimos concluisteis concluyó concluyeron l

Preterite conjugation Other –uir Verbs atribuir (to attribute) construir (to build) contribuir (to contribute) distribuir (to distribute) huir (to flee) incluir (to include)

Translation l The English Translation for the preterite is: Yo hablé- I spoke

Preterite Trigger Words: ayer una vez entonces cuando hace # años que. . . la semana pasada el mes/año pasado anteayer luego de repente anoche

Preterite Uses: § § § § Specific Action Happened Once Specific Point in Time Sequential Actions Narration (AKA telling a story) Interrupting Action Beginning or End of an action in past

Imperfect Regular Verb Endings: __-ar__ -aba -ábamos -abais -aban -er/-ir_ _ -íamos -íais -ían

Imperfect 3 irregular verbs: __ir__ iba íbamos ibais iban __ser__ era éramos erais eran __ver__ veíamos veíais veían

Imperfect Translation § The English Translation for the imperfect is: Yo hablaba- I used to speak I was speaking I would speak I spoke

Imperfect Trigger Words: algunas veces muchas veces a menudo frecuentemente mientras cada (día, año, etc. ) generalmente todos los días siempre a veces de vez en cuando los lunes/los martes

Imperfect Uses: § § § § Repeated Action Continuous Action Habitual Actions (aka “Used to”) Descriptions/ Physical Appearance/ Emotional State Background Info Day/Date/Weather/Age 2 Actions Occurring at the Same Time An ongoing action interrupted by another action (2 nd action is preterite)

Comparing Usage Preterite § § § § Specific Action Happened Once Specific Point in Time Sequential Actions Narration (AKA telling a story) Interrupting Action Beginning or End of an action in past § § § § Imperfect Repeated Action Continuous Action Habitual Actions (aka “Used to”) Descriptions/ Physical Appearance/ Emotional State Background Info Day/Date/Weather/Age 2 Actions Occurring at the Same Time An ongoing action interrupted by another action (2 nd action is preterite)

Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning Verb Preterite Imperfect Conocer Conocí- I met (to know a person or place) Conocía- I knew saber Supe- I found out (to know a fact or how to do something) Sabía- I knew pensar (to think) Pensaba- I thought Pensé- It dawned on me I realized poder Pude- I managed (to be able, can) Podía- I could I was able

Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning Verb Preterite Imperfect no poder (to not be able) No pude- I couldn´t (failed to) No podía- I couldn´t (a specific effort and (No reference to specific failure implied) effort or failure) querer (to want) Quise- I tried Quería- I wanted no querer (to not want) No quise- I refused No quería- I didn´t want to tener (to have) Tuve- I got Tenía- I had

Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning Verb Preterite tener que (to have to. . . ) Tuve que. . . - I had to. . . costar (to cost) Costó- It cost (and I bought it Imperfect Tenía que. . . - I was supposed to. . . Costaba- It cost (implies that I didn´t buy it)