Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive Unit 4

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Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive Unit 4

Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive Unit 4

Past Perfect had + past participle

Past Perfect had + past participle

Past Participle l. Regular Verbs danced answered cry cried l. Irregular Verbs eaten go

Past Participle l. Regular Verbs danced answered cry cried l. Irregular Verbs eaten go gone write written

Past Perfect I You He She It We They had (not) ‘d eaten (worked,

Past Perfect I You He She It We They had (not) ‘d eaten (worked, gone)

When to use the Past Perfect?

When to use the Past Perfect?

1 Use the past perfect to talk about something that happened before another action

1 Use the past perfect to talk about something that happened before another action in the past I called Ann last night, but she had already left. second action first action past --------×--------×-----now Ann had left I called her Before John went to bed, he had done his homework.

2 Use the past perfect to show that something happened before a specific time

2 Use the past perfect to show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Betty had moved to Seattle by June. Alan hadn’t worked before 1999. past --------×---------------now hadn’t work 1999 2013

Note: past perfect first action simple past tense second action Before I went to

Note: past perfect first action simple past tense second action Before I went to bed, I had watched the news. second action first action

Note: It is possible to use the simple past for two or more actions

Note: It is possible to use the simple past for two or more actions when using before, after, and as soon as because the meaning is clear. Before the plane landed, we fastened our seat belts. second action first action We took a nap after we had lunch. second action first action

Past Perfect Progressive had + been + Present Participle (working, eating)

Past Perfect Progressive had + been + Present Participle (working, eating)

Past Perfect Progressive I You He She They We It had ‘d hadn’t been

Past Perfect Progressive I You He She They We It had ‘d hadn’t been working.

When to use the Past Perfect Progressive?

When to use the Past Perfect Progressive?

1. Use the past perfect progressive to show that something was in progress before

1. Use the past perfect progressive to show that something was in progress before specific time in the past. It had been raining by noon. action before specific time past --------×--------×-----now started raining noon It may continue raining after noon. What is important is that the action was in progress and not when it finished.

2. Use the past perfect progressive to show that an action was in progress

2. Use the past perfect progressive to show that an action was in progress before another action in the past. He had been waiting for an hour before the bus arrived. first action second action

Time clauses before by the time when until + simple past He hadn’t worked

Time clauses before by the time when until + simple past He hadn’t worked until he graduated from college. main clause after as soon as time clause + past perfect (progressive) , After they had bought a house they had children. time clause main clause

Already, yet, ever, and never are used with the past perfect to emphasize the

Already, yet, ever, and never are used with the past perfect to emphasize the first action. The plane had already left when I got to the airport. first action second action When he got to work, his boss hadn’t yet arrived. second action first action

Look at Daniel’s calendar and make wh and yes/no questions. l Example: What had

Look at Daniel’s calendar and make wh and yes/no questions. l Example: What had Daniel done by the time he helped his Dad clean the garage? He had played tennis with Paul before he helped his Dad clean the garage.

l. Where had Daniel gone before he waxed his car? He had attended a

l. Where had Daniel gone before he waxed his car? He had attended a concert before he waxed his car. Had Daniel exercised at the gym by February 25? No, he hadn’t.

Write questions using the following words. (Jerry’s life) 1. your life / be normal

Write questions using the following words. (Jerry’s life) 1. your life / be normal / before accident? 2. when / accident ? 3. car accident / paralyze ? 4. how many times / in hospital / before accident ? 5. before accident / what sports / play ? 6. before Connie, / have dog ? 7. sail / boat ? 8. compete in races ? 9. be engaged to Patty? 10. get married ?