Passive voice The reward of a thing well

Passive voice

The reward of a thing well done is to have done it. Ralph Waldo Emerson

q Se forma con el verbo “to be” + Past Participle Usos: Ø Cuando el que realiza la acción (AGENTE) es desconocido, o poco importante. My house was painted Ø Para destacar la acción, o el objeto, mas que la persona que lo hizo (+ impersonal) The room must be cleaned

+ Se forma con el verbo “to be” + el participio ( -ed / 3ª c) del verbo principal - Hay que añadir “not” (n´t) al “to be”. Si la frase lleva un modal, un verbo An astronaut was sent into space en futuro simple o un tiempo compuesto, lo que negamos es el modal, will o have / has. ? An astronaut wasn´t sent into space El orden es to be + el sujeto + el participio. Si es un modal, un verbo en futuro simple o un tiempo compuesto, la pasiva empieza con el modal o el auxiliar, igual que en la activa. Was an astronaut sent into space?

TRANSFORMACIÓN ACTIVA - PASIVA Reality shows dominate TV 1. Identificar el objeto de la activa (OD/OI) 2. Lo ponemos de sujeto de la pasiva 3. Identificamos el tiempo del verbo. (dominate - Present Simple) 4. Ponemos “to be” en el mismo tiempo + Participio del verbo (am-is-are) is (3ª col. /-ed) 5. Ponemos el sujeto de la activa como agente de la pasiva precedido por “by” TV is dominated by reality shows

TRUCOS • Al pasar una frase afirmativa cuenta el número de palabras que tiene el verbo en activa. En pasiva tiene que tener una más. • Al poner en pasiva una frase interrogativa debes empezar por el primer auxiliar. • Si la pasiva es negativa “not” va con el primer auxiliar.

TRANSFORMACIÓN ACTIVA-PASIVA Reality shows dominate TV Sujeto verbo C D TV is dominated by reality shows Sujeto verbo pasivo agente(by)

CAMBIOS EN LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES • I write letters Letters are written • I wrote letters Letters were written • I will write letters • I am going to write letters • I am writing letters • I was writing letters Letters will be written Letters are going to be written Letters are being written Letters were being written

Which sentences are active? Which sentences are passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The squatters were arrested last week We will buy her a present tomorrow Techno music is often heard on Turkish radio Tommy was being interviewed by a reporter Portuguese is spoken in Brazil You will be paid more than other employees 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Passive Active Passive

Brian 1. was feeling /was being felt very nervous as he waited in the secretary’s office. He 2. interview/was going to be interviewed for a new job and the secretary was told / had told him to wait until Mr Grace was ready to see him. Brian really 3. needed /was really needed this job and he hoped he would get it. Finally, he 4. invited/was invited into Mr Grace’s office. He 5. was asked /asked many questions by Mr Grace and he 6. answered/ was answered all of them very well

Use the passive or active was told Brian 1. …………… (tell) about the job requirements. “You are expected 2. ……………… (expect) to work from nine until five every are given day. You 3. ……………. (give) a lunch break of half an hour, ” will be deducted Mr Grace told him. “If you are late, money 4. …… continued (deduct) from your salary”, he 5 . ………………. . (continue). It took 6. …………. . (take) Brian a few seconds to realise that the job was his.

Choose the correct answer. 1. The winner will award / will be awarded a gold medal. 2. Too much red meat is thought / thought to be unhealthy. 3. When we arrived, the police were taking away / were being taken away the cars. 4. America discovered / was discovered by Columbus in 1492. 5. Everyone knows that water boils / is boiled at 100 degrees Celsius. 6. This afternoon, Tim’s dog is checking / is being checked by the vet.

Somebody took the money from my pocket yesterday The money was taken from my pocket yesterday I will write the letters tomorrow The letters will be written tomorrow The listeners voted this song number one This song was voted number one by the listeners The designer had improved the interior of the old building The interior of the old building had been improved by the designer • Our school’s football team always wins the competitions • The competition is always won by our school’s football team • •

Complete the dialogues with the verbs in brackets. Use the passive. 1. When will we know the result of the competition? will be announced It ……………… (announce) next week. 2. Why is the shop on High Street closed? is being repainted It ……………… (repaint). 3. How did the film end? was killed The bad guy ……………… (kill). 4. Why is Patty so excited? has been offered She ……………… (offer) a big part in the play.

Write sentences with the words below. Use the passive. 1. in China rice / eat / with chopsticks /. In China, rice is eaten with chopsticks. 2. the school football team / not beat / this season /. The school football team hasn’t been beaten this season. 3. the test / give / to the Year 11 students / at this moment /. The test is being given to the Year 11 students at this moment. 4. your house / break into / last week / ? Was your house broken into last week? 5. next week / everything in the shop / sell / at half price /. Next week, everything in the shop will be sold / /is being sold at half price.

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the active or passive f orm. build 1. Every winter, the children in Alaska ……………… (build) snowmen. will be published 2. Details of the fire ……………… (publish) in tomorrow’s papers. was given 3. When I was five, I ……………… (give) a puppy for my birthday. is being prepared 4. The meal will soon be ready. It ……………… (prepare) now. hasn’t received 5. Robby is upset because he …………… (not receive) an e-mail from Kate yet. will be announced 6. When ……………… the time of the next meeting …………… (announce)?

Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentences. 1. Mistakes are made when people are careless. make Careless people ……………… mistakes. 2. Nobody has seen Jim since last week. hasn’t been seen Jim ……………… since last week. 3. Women are wearing their skirts longer this year. are being worn Skirts ……………… longer this year. 4. The scene was being filmed in the village square. were filming They ……………… the scene in the village square. 5. Technicians will use new technology to create the special effects. will be used New technology ……………… to create the special effects. 6. What did the thieves steal from the museum? was stolen What ……………… from the museum?

Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentences 1. They’ll sell all the tickets before we get there. All the tickets will be sold before we get there 2. The decorations were being taken down when we arrived. When we arrived, he was taking down the decorations 3. The country is electing a new government. A new government is being elected (by the country) 4. You make this cake with butter and a lot of eggs. This cake is made with butter and a lot of eggs 5. Look! They’ve replaced the old lights. Look! The old lights have been replaced

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the passive. Filmstars’ lifestyles affect their children. One example is that when films are being made (1) ……………. (make), filmstars often move to different locations. Their are sent children (2) ………………… (send) to new schools and have to make new friends. When was enrolled Meryl Streep’s son Henry (3) …………… (enrol) in yet another school, he were being complained bitterly. Meryl realised her children (4) ……………… (affect) by the affected constant moves. As a result, she kept the family in one place for the next 20 years. is caught Another example is unwanted publicity. If a filmstar (5) ………… (catch) by the paparazzi doing something stupid or embarrassing, you can be sure it will appear on be seen will TV and (6) ………. . almost certainly …………… (see) by the star’s children. On several has / have been occasions, the media (7) ……………… (attack) for not being more sensitive attacked to the children of celebrities.

Choose the correct answer. 1. More than 400 guests have invited / have been invited to the wedding. 2 Newspapers can buy / can be bought at the bookshop. 3. Steven Spielberg will direct / will be directed the film. 4. Computer graphics used / are used in many animated films. 5. We were disappointed that we didn’t invite / weren’t invited to the party. 6. The eclipse expected / is expected to begin at midnight. 7. Who designed / was designed the costumes for Pride and Prejudice?

Some verbs can have two objects For example, give, ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell We gave the police the information object 1 Or We gave the information to the police object 2 So, it is possible to make two passive sentences: üThe police were given the information üThe information was given to the police When we use these verbs in the passive, most often we begin with the person: • I was offered the job but I refused it • You will be given plenty of time to decide • The men were paid £ 200 to do the work.

Write questions with the words below. Use the passive 1. how much / money / steal / in yesterday’s robbery How much money was stolen in yesterday’s robbery? 2. where / the best ice cream / in the world / make Where is the best ice cream in the world made? 3. the game / cancel / if it rains tomorrow . Will the game be cancelled if it rains tomorrow?

Rewrite the sentences in the correct passive form. 1. No one is using that room at the moment. That room is not being used at the moment. / At the moment, that room is not being used 2. John ought to sell his paintings to the museum. John’s paintings ought to be sold to the museum. 3. They are going to build a bridge here. A bridge is going to be built here. 4. My favourite musician wrote that song. That song was written by my favourite musician. 5. Dan won’t return the book to the library. The book won’t be returned (by Dan) to the library. / The book won’t be returned to the library (by Dan). 6. Sharon hasn’t given the news to Paul. The news hasn’t been given to Paul (by Sharon). 7. By 10 o’clock, the mechanic had repaired the car. The car had been repaired by 10 o’clock (by the mechanic).

Rewrite the sentences in the correct active form. 1. Tim is going to be punished by his mum. Tim’s mum is going to punish him. 2. Some of the stories were written by a famous author. A famous author wrote some of the stories. 3. The dog must be walked after dinner. You / Someone must walk the dog after dinner. / After dinner, you / someone must walk the dog. 4. Paul hasn’t been examined by the doctor yet. The doctor hasn’t examined Paul yet.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct active or passive form. There may be more than one possible answer. Thanks to an online bookshop called Better World Books, thousands of people have been given (1) …………… (give) the chance to help the world while enjoying a good read. / are being given are used / Better World Books is a business whose profits (2) …………… are being used (use) to help began society. When the company first (3) …………… (begin), the founders had (4) ………………(have) the idea of selling second-hand books online. They decided would be donated / that the money from the book sales (5) …………… (donate) to reading was going to be donated have been collected programmes all over the world. More than ten million books (6) …………… has been raised (raise) for programmes like (collect), and more than $4 million (7) …………… Books for Africa and the Prison Book Programme. Some of the books on the Better World site (8) …………… (receive) from libraries that have too many were given / are given / copies of the same book. Some books (9) …………… (give) to Better World have been given Books by retail bookshops that don’t want to cause pollution by throwing away unwanted books. The end result is the same: if you buy a book from Better World will make (make) a difference in the world. Books, your money (10) …………… have been received / were received / are received

Passive perfect A 1. The laws have forced teenagers into illegal employment 2. Teenagers have been forced into illegal employment P 3. These laws had barred many young A people from school 4. Many young people had been barred P from school Which tense are they? 1 Present perfect 2 Present perfect passive 3 Past perfect 4 Past perfect passive Which are active and which are passive?

1. What is the difference between active and passive forms In the passive “been” has been added 1. The laws have forced teenagers into illegal employment 2. Teenagers have been forced into illegal employment When is the active used? 3. These laws had barred many young When the subject is important people from school 4. Many young people had been barred from school When is the passive used? When the subject is unknown or unimportant

Passive perfect - Joke A man was visiting a friend at a hospital Yesterday the boss came up to me and said, “What’s happened to uhmmm… what-his name? You have been missed at the factory you know That’s so nice

The body of a man was found in a house yesterday. The body had been chopped up into a thousand pieces and placed in a large plastic bag. Police have not ruled out suicide

A man went to the doctor. He wanted a new brain. Well, we have two types: a women’s brain that costs 1000 € and a man’s brain that costs 12000 € No, absolutely not. But the man’s brain ……………. (never/ used) has never been used Does that mean that the man’s brain is better?

Write present perfect simple or past perfect simple had been employed 1. Mr Smith …………… (employ) as a teacher before he became a headmaster has been barred 2. Andrew ………………. ……… (bar) from school. I hope he won’t get into trouble had worked 3. Sue ……………. . (work) part-time before becoming a fulltime employee has been chosen 4. Mary …………. . …………… (choose) for the new job has just been set 5. A new Olympic record ……. ……………. ( just set)

1. Her employer had paid her the minimum 1. She…………………. 2. Mr Jones offered Mike a new job 1. Mike………………. 3. We have based the article on a report 1. The article………………. . 4. Many people are employed in the car 1. The car industry……………. 5. The report will be published in an important journal 1. They ……………. 6. The children have been forced into illegal employment 1. The laws……………. 7. The students’ results were being studied by the headmaster 1. The headmaster……………. 1. She had been paid the minimum 2. Mike was offered a new job by Mr Jones 3. The article has been based on a report 4. The car industry employs many people 5. The will publish the report in an important journal 6. The laws have forced the children into illegal employment 7. The headmaster was studying the students’ results

It is said that… (be) supposed to… He is said to… Henry is very old. Nobody knows how old he is, but: It is said that he is 108 years old. Or. . He is said to be 108 years old Both these sentences mean: “ People say that he is 108 years old You can use these structures with a number of other verbs, especially: Thought believed considered reported known expected alleged understood The police are looking for a missing boy ØIt is believed that the boy is wearing a white T-shirt and blue jeans ØThe boy is believed to be wearing a white T-shirt and blue jeans A friend of mine has been arrested ØIt is alleged that he kicked a policeman ØHe is alleged to have kicked a policeman These structures are often used in news reports

(be) supposed to… Sometimes it is supposed to… = it is said to… v. Let´s go and see the film. It´s supposed to be very good (=it is said to be very good) v. Why was he arrested? He´s supposed to have kicked a policeman (=he is said to have kicked a policeman) But sometimes supposed to has a different meaning. “Something is supposed to happen”= It is planned, arranged or expected. Often this is different from what really happens: §I´d better hurry. It´s nearly 8 o´clock and I´m supposed to be meeting Ann at 8. 15 (=I have arranged to meet Ann, I said I would meet her) §The train was supposed to arrive at 11. 30 but it was an hour late. You´re not supposed to do something = it is not allowed or advisable for you to do it §You´re not supposed to park your car here. It´s private parking only

The bathroom has been modernised The fence has been repaired The roof has been re-tiled The central heating has been modernised The grass has been cut The front door has been put in Bathroom Repair Fence Modernise Roof Put in Central heating Re-tile (tejar- revestir de tejas) Grass Cut Front door repair

Have /get something done

GRAMMATICAL PRESENTATION Peter Has his HAIR CUT EVERY MONTH 1. Who cuts the hair ? 2. Who orders the action? 3. Who receives the action TOM HAD THE ROOF REPAIRED YESTERDAY

Rule / Meaning • We use this structure to express actions that we ask other people to do for us • Utilizamos esta estructura para expresar acciones que le pedimos otra gente que haga por nosotros • i. e. • Peter had the house painted last summer – Who painted the house? – How would you translate this sentence? – Who receives the action of the verb?

Rule / Form • Have + object + past participle – The government had the report published • Get + object+ past participle – The government got the report published

q “Have” y “get” se usan indistintamente, aunque “get” es mas informal. q Esta estructura “ have/get + complemento directo + participio pasado “ se puede utilizar con la mayoría de los tiempos verbales. Ann had her computer repaired last week. The band will have their instruments repaired soon. I have had my hair cut q La estructura tiene un sentido pasivo, pues el complemento directo que va en medio (object) recibe la acción del verbo que va en participio. Aunque se suele traducir en voz activa. My watch broke, so I had it repaired yesterday ( Se me estropeó el reloj, así que me lo arreglaron ayer)

Complete the sentences with the correct passive or causative form of the verbs in brackets. are being followed 1. I hear something! I think we ……………… (follow). 2. You’ll have to walk to school. is having / getting repaired Alan ……………… his car ……………… (repair) and can’t drive you. 3. Rose can’t find her car. She thinks it …………… (steal). has been stolen

Complete the sentences using a causative form. had / got 1. We didn’t design our sitting room. We ……………… designed. it ……………… has / gets his meals ……………… prepared 2. Bill doesn’t prepare his own meals. He ……………… by his mother. will have / the roof …………… repaired 3. I won’t repair the roof myself. I ……………… …… by will get a builder. is having / taken 4. Frank isn’t taking the photographs. He ……………… is getting the photos ……………… by a professional.

Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the causative. arrange • paint • check • make • translate have had / have got 1. Since I was a child, I ……………… are having have had 2. Look! The neighbours ……………… checked my teeth ……………… every six months. their front door ……painted ………… red. translated 3. A year after she wrote the book, she had ……………… into / got it …………… … French. made has / gets 4. Jim never buys suits. He ……………… them …… ………… for him. will have / arranged by a travel get 5. Next time we go abroad, we will ……………… our trip ……………… agent.

Rewrite the sentences. Use the causative form. 1. You need to fix this lamp. You should have / get this lamp fixed. 2. She asked the maid to clean her room. She had / got the room cleaned by the maid. 3. We’ll tell the technician to check the computer. We We’ll have / get the computer checked by the technician. 4. They are adding a room on to Janet’s house. Janet is having / getting a room added on to her house.