Passive Voice Passive Voice Riddle 1 Who am

Passive Voice

Passive Voice Riddle 1: Who am I ? When I am closed, I look like a stick. When I am opened, I look like a dome. When I am not being used, I am kept in a tight cover.

Passive Voice Riddle 2: Who am I ? The more I am used, the shorter I become. I am loved by teachers. I shouldn’t be eaten. I am easily broken. I leave a powdery streak.

In this lesson, we look at the form / meaning / use of the passive: n How do we form the passive? n What does it mean? n When should we use the passive ?

Passive Voice in Rhyme Solomon Grundy Born on a Monday Christened on Tuesday Married on Wednesday Took ill on Thursday Worse on Friday Died on Saturday Buried on Sunday This is the end Of Solomon Grundy

Exercise 1 Put ‘was’ in the ( ) if needed. Solomon Grundy ( ) born on a was Monday. was He ( ) christened on Tuesday. He ( ) married on Wednesday. He ( ) took ill on Thursday. He ( ) worse on Friday was He ( ) died on Saturday was He ( ) buried on Sunday This is the end of Solomon Grundy.

Passive Voice be + past participle

To make the past participle: Regular verbs: Add –ed. Irregular verbs: See Appendix 6 (p. A-10 and A-11) in the textbook.

How is the passive formed? Be + past participle sell - sold / build – built - built are sold for lots of n Original paintings sell for lots of money. n Those pyramids built were built around 400 AD.

If you want to name who performed the action (the agent), use a by-phrase. n. I was given a recipe by a kind neighbor.

The form of be shows the tense. The portrait was drawn by a street artist. The portrait is being drawn by a street artist. The portrait will be drawn by a street artist.

The form of be shows the tense. n The portrait was drawn by a street artist. simple past n The portrait is being drawn by a street artist. present progressive n The portrait will be drawn by a street artist. simple future

Do Exercise 2, p. 49 1. …had been forgotten

Exercise 2, p. 49 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. was established is manufactured is obtained will be required will be discovered is being made had been left 9. was built 10. is produced 11. will have been sent 12. had been noticed 13. will be needed 14. have been forgotten 15. are being studied

n Active sentences focus on performing action. an My daughter made this painting. A performer of the action n Passive sentences focus on receiving an action. This painting was made by my daughter. A receiver of the action

• He took this photo. n This photo was taken by him.

n focus on performing the action. n focus on receiving the action. This photo was He took this photo. taken by him.

Only transitive verbs have passive forms n The passive can only be made from a verb that has an object (a transitive verb—v. t. in the dictionary). n On p. 56, there is a list of some words that never have passive forms.

The civilization was disappeared.

Exercise 2 Read each sentence and state if it’s possible to make the sentence passive. n My mother painted this room. n She painted from morning till night. n The room looks bigger and bright.

Exercise 2 Read each sentence and state if it’s possible to make the sentence passive. n My mother painted this room. This room was painted by my mother. n She painted from morning till night. No. n The room looks bigger and bright. No.

Exercise 3, p. 50 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. are spoken have been mined are considered is eaten is consumed were worshipped has been developed were both invented

Exercise 7, p 52, No. 1 n Active Pilots discovered the Nazca Lines. n Passive The Nazca Lines were discovered by pilots.

Exercise 7, p 52, no. 2 n Active The ancient Romans could not explain Stonehenge. n Passive Stonehenge could not be explained by the ancient Romans.

Exercise 7, p 52, no. 3 n Active Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated John F. Kennedy. n Passive John F. Kennedy was assassinated by ‘Lee Harvey Oswald.

Exercise 7, p 52, no. 4 n Active Beings from outer space visited the Earth. n Passive The Earth was visited by beings from outer space.

Exercise 7, p 52, no. 5 n Active Parents teach their children good manners. n Passive Children are taught good manners by their parents.

Exercise 7, p 52, no. 6 n Active Society discriminates against social minorities. n Passive Social minorities are discriminated against by society.

Why do we use the passive? n The person or thing performing the action is unknown. The window was broken. - A by-phrase is not used.

n The person or thing performing the action is not important. Too many books have been written about the Second World War.

n It’s clear to everyone who or what performed the action. “I made a tasty dish the other night. This chicken was baked in the oven with carrots, potatoes, and lots of onions. ” -Who did the baking?

We want to avoid saying who or what performed the action. “Why is this milk warm? ” “Because it was left out for a while. ” I did it, but I don’t want to admit I’m the one who forgot to put it away.

We want to highlight someone’s work. (often artistic or creative work) “This concerto was written by Beethoven. ”

Exercise 4 Read each statement and explain why the passive voice is used. n Our mail is delivered at the same time every day. - It’s clear to everyone who delivered the mail. n Here are my books. They are written for English language learners. - It’s clear from the context. I wrote them.

to husband, “Honey, the trash bags weren’t put in the trash cans. It looks kind of messy, don’t you think? ” n Wife - To avoid accusing the other person. n These jeans were made in Hong Kong. - We don’t know exactly who made these jeans.

Compare with text, p. 57 When do we use the passive? n If the agent if unknown n If the agent is not the focus n If the agent is obvious from the context n To focus on the receiver n To make general explanations n In scientific and technical writing

CAUTION n Be careful: When describing how something is done (rather than how to do it yourself), passive may be necessary in English when it is not present in the Chinese.

Example from the homework n 過濾之後的豆渣亦可 煎炸入菜，或餵給 豬吃。 WRONG: The pulp that remains after filtering can fry and add to other dishes, or they can feed pigs. Who is feeding the pigs?

Example from the homework n 過濾之後的豆渣亦可 煎炸入菜，或餵給 豬吃。 CORRECTED: The pulp that remains after filtering can be fried and added to other dishes, or they can be fed to pigs. As long as we’re being fed, we don’t care who’s feeding us!

p. 59, Exercise 13 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. began were intended were called started/ was started was referred to was comprise stand 9. know 10. were written 11. existed

p. 60, Exercise 14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. was built was designed serve consider was made intended to be located copy planned 10. consist 11. was used 12. was imprisoned 13. died 14. got 15. implement 16. was accomplished