PASSIVE VOICE Active The boy hits the piata

PASSIVE VOICE

Active – The boy hits the piñata Direct Object Subject

Passive – the piñata is hit by the boy Subject Agent

Active – The groom kissed the bride. Subject Direct Object

Pass– The bride is kissed by the groom. Agent Subject

Active – the boy carries the books Direct Object Puer libros portat

Pass – the books are carried by the boy Subject Libri a puero portatur

The boy climbed the tree. Puer arborem ascendebat

The tree was climbed by the boy. Arbor a puero ascendebatur

Active Passive Active • Accusative Direct object • Nominative Subject Passive Nominative Subject Ablative of Agent

Passive Active Passive • Nominative Subject • Ablative of Agent Active Accusative Direct Object Nominative Subject

ABLATIVE OF AGENT • 3 “P”s – Passive Verb – Preposition “a” or “ab” – Person • Otherwise Ablative of means or instrument – No preposition – No person

Passive endings for present, imperfect, and future r ris tur mini ntur o s t mus tis nt Use in place of :

Present Tense Active Passive • Amo – I love, I am loving, I do love • Amas – you love, you are loving, you do love • Amat – he/she/it loves, is loving, does love • Amor – I am loved, I am being loved • Amaris – you are loved, you are being loved • Amatur – he/she/it is loved, he/she/it is being loved

Imperfect Active Passive • Amabam – I loved, I was loving, I did love • Amabas – you loved, you were loving, you did love • Amabat – he/she/it loved, was loving, did love • Ambar – I was loved, I was being loved • Amabaris – you were loved, you were being loved • Amabatur – he/she/it was loved, he/she/it was being loved

1 st conjugation future Active Passive • Amabo – I will love, I will be loving • Amabis – you will love, you will be loving • Amabit – he/she/it will love, he/she/it will be loving • Ambor – I will be loved ______ • Amaberis – you will be loved • Amabitur – he/she/it will be loved

3 rd conjugation future Active Passive • Ducam – I will lead, I will be leading • Duces – you will lead, you will be leading • Ducet – he/she/it will lead, he/she/it will be leading • Ducar – I will be led _______ • Duceris – you will be led ___ • Ducetur – he/she/it will be led

Passive for perfect, pluperfect, future perfect • Perfect – 4 th principal part + sum es est sumus estis sunt • Pluperfect – 4 th principal part + eram eras erat eramus eratis erant

Passive for perfect, pluperfect, future perfect • Future Perfect – 4 th principal part + ero eris erit erimus eritis erint • SO – Perfect Passive = 4 th principal part + present esse – Pluperfect Pass = 4 th principal part + imperfect esse – Future Perfect Pass = 4 th principal part + future esse

Perfect Tense Active – 3 rd PRINCIPAL PART Passive – 4 th PRINCIPAL PART • Amavi – I have loved, I did love • Amavisti – you have loved, you did love • Amavit – he/she/it has loved, he/she/it did love • Amatus Sum – I have been loved • Amatus Es – you have been loved • Amatus Est – he has been loved

Pluperfect Tense Active – 3 rd PRINCIPAL PART Passive – 4 th PRINCIPAL PART • Amaveram – I had loved __ • Amaveras– you had loved ___ • Amaverat – he/she/it had loved • Amatus Eram – I had been loved • Amatus Eras – you had been loved • Amatus Erat – he had been loved

Future Perfect Tense Active – 3 rd PRINCIPAL PART Passive – 4 th PRINCIPAL PART • Amavero – I will have loved - • Amaveris – you will have loved • Amaverit – he/she/it will have loved • Amatus Ero – I will have been loved • Amatus Eris – you will have been loved • Amatus Erit – he will have been loved