PASSIVE VOICE Active subject acts on verb Passive

PASSIVE VOICE Active = subject acts on verb Passive = verb acts on subject

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Claudia prepares dinner. Claudia was reading a book. Claudia will see her friends in the Forum. Claudia is writing a letter. n WAIT! n Ask yourself: “Is the subject doing the action? ” OR “Is the subject receiving the action? ” n n

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Claudia prepares dinner. Claudia was reading a book. Claudia will see her friends in the Forum. Claudia is writing a letter. 1. ACTIVE

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Claudia prepares dinner. Claudia was reading a book. Claudia will see her friends in the Forum. Claudia is writing a letter. 1. ACTIVE 2. ACTIVE

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Claudia prepares dinner. Claudia was reading a book. Claudia will see her friends in the Forum. Claudia is writing a letter. 1. ACTIVE 2. ACTIVE 3. ACTIVE

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Claudia prepares dinner. Claudia was reading a book. Claudia will see her friends in the Forum. Claudia is writing a letter. 1. ACTIVE 2. ACTIVE 3. ACTIVE 4. ACTIVE

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Dinner is prepared by Claudia. A book was read by Claudia’s friends will be seen by her in the Forum. A letter is written by Claudia. n WAIT! n Ask yourself: “Is the subject doing the action? ” OR “Is the subject receiving the action? ” n n

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Dinner is prepared by Claudia. A book was read by Claudia’s friends will be seen by her in the Forum. A letter is written by Claudia. 1. PASSIVE

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Dinner is prepared by Claudia. A book was read by Claudia’s friends will be seen by her in the Forum. A letter is written by Claudia. 1. PASSIVE 2. PASSIVE

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Dinner is prepared by Claudia. A book was read by Claudia’s friends will be seen by her in the Forum. A letter is written by Claudia. 1. PASSIVE 2. PASSIVE 3. PASSIVE

Is each verb active or passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. Dinner is prepared by Claudia. A book was read by Claudia’s friends will be seen by her in the Forum. A letter is written by Claudia. 1. PASSIVE 2. PASSIVE 3. PASSIVE 4. PASSIVE

Active or Passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The students love the Latin language. The Latin language is loved by the students. The Romans were fighting many wars. Many wars were fought by the Romans. The neighbors are seen in the street.

Active or Passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The students love the Latin language. A The Latin language is loved by the students. The Romans were fighting many wars. Many wars were fought by the Romans. The neighbors are seen in the street.

Active or Passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The students love the Latin language. A The Latin language is loved by the students. P The Romans were fighting many wars. Many wars were fought by the Romans. The neighbors are seen in the street.

Active or Passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The students love the Latin language. A The Latin language is loved by the students. P The Romans were fighting many wars. A Many wars were fought by the Romans. The neighbors are seen in the street.

Active or Passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The students love the Latin language. A The Latin language is loved by the students. P The Romans were fighting many wars. A Many wars were fought by the Romans. P The neighbors are seen in the street.

Active or Passive? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The students love the Latin language. A The Latin language is loved by the students. P The Romans were fighting many wars. A Many wars were fought by the Romans. P The neighbors are seen in the street. P

Please copy this slide. PASSIVE VOICE ENDINGS Use these endings with the present stem: (O)R MUR RIS MINI TUR NTUR Continue to use tense signs (e. g. , “ba, ” “bi, ” “e”).

Let’s compare conjugations in PRESENT tense. Porto Doceo Pono Capio Munio Portas Doces Ponis Capis Munis Portat Docet Ponit Capit Munit Now look at these forms in passive voice…. Portor Doceor Ponor Capior Munior Portaris Doceris Poneris* Caperis* Muniris Portatur Docetur Ponitur Capitur Munitur

ACTIVE Voice Review Let’s compare conjugations in IMPERFECT tense. Portabam Docebam Ponebam Capiebam Muniebam Portabas Docebas Ponebas Capiebas Muniebas Portabat Docebat Ponebat Capiebat Muniebat Now look at these forms in passive voice…. Portabar Docebar Ponebar Capiebar Muniebar Portabaris Docebaris Ponebaris Capiebaris Muniebaris Portabatur Docebatur Ponebatur Capiebatur Muniebatur

Let’s compare conjugations in FUTURE tense. Portabo Docebo Ponam Capiam Muniam Portabis Docebis Pones Capies Munies Portabit Docebit Ponet Capiet Muniet Now look at these forms in passive voice…. Portabor Docebor Ponar Capiar Muniar Portaberis* Doceberis* Poneris Capieris Munieris Portabitur Docebitur Ponetur Capietur Munietur

Translate the active verbs on the left. 1. we are carrying 2. we will carry 3. we were carrying

Translate the active verbs on the left. 1. we are carrying 2. we will carry 3. we were carrying 1. portamus

Translate the active verbs on the left. 1. we are carrying 1. portamus 2. we will carry 2. portabimus 3. we were carrying

Translate the active verbs on the left. 1. we are carrying 1. portamus 2. we will carry 2. portabimus 3. we were carrying 3. portabamus

Now, change each active voice ending to passive voice. Then, provide a passive English translation. 1. we are carrying 1. portamus 2. we will carry 2. portabimus 3. we were carrying 3. portabamus

Now, change each active voice ending to passive voice. Then, provide a passive English translation. we are carrying we are carried 1. portamus -portamur we will carry 2. portabimus we were carrying 3. portabamus

Now, change each active voice ending to passive voice. Then, provide a passive English translation. we are carried 1. portamus -- portamur we will carry we will be carried 2. portabimus -portabimur we were carrying 3. portabamus

Please copy this slide. Now, change each active voice ending to passive voice. Then, provide a passive English translation. 1. we are carrying we are carried 1. portamus -- portamur 1. we will carry we will be carried 2. portabimus -- portabimur we were carrying we were carried 3. portabamus -portabamur 1.

Perfect Passive System The rules forming passive voice of perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect are NOT like the previous three tenses.

Please copy this slide. Use a form of the verb “sum” with the 4 th principal part of a verb to form the passive of perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. • PORTATUS SUM = I have been carried • PORTATUS ERAM = I had been carried • PORTATUS ERO = I will have been carried

Translate. pono, ponere, posui, positus = place, put positus erat = HE had been placed positus eris = you will have been placed positus sum = I have been placed

Piscis a coquo non captus erat.

Piscis a coquo non captus erat. The fish had not been caught by the cook.

Please copy this slide. Perfect Passive System • Use 4 th principal part AND • Present tense of sum for perfect passive (have been/has been) • Imperfect tense – eram – for pluperfect passive (had been) • Future tense– ero – for future perfect passive (will have been)

Review Questions: • Which principal part should be used with perfect passive, pluperfect passive, or future perfect passive?

Review Questions: • Which principal part should be used with perfect passive, pluperfect passive, or future perfect passive? FOURTH

Review Question: • What helping verbs are used with these verbs that accompany the 4 th principal part? 1. sum 2. eram 3. ero

Review Question: • What helping verbs are used with these verbs that accompany the 4 th principal part? 1. sum = have been / has been 2. eram 3. ero

Review Question: • What helping verbs are used with these verbs that accompany the 4 th principal part? 1. sum = have been / has been 2. eram 3. ero

Review Question: • What helping verbs are used with these verbs that accompany the 4 th principal part? 1. sum = have been / has been 2. eram = had been 3. ero

Review Question: • What helping verbs are used with these verbs that accompany the 4 th principal part? 1. sum = have been / has been 2. eram = had been 3. ero = will have been

Optime! Now, you’re ready to translate.