Passive Immunity Two types of immunity passive and

Passive Immunity � Two types of immunity: passive and active. � Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from a source other than one’s own immune system. � This type of immunity is temporary, not lifelong. � Newborns can receive antibodies from breast milk, which helps protect newborns before their own immune systems have fully developed. � Can also be artificially acquired.

Active Immunity � Immunity that your own immune system creates. � Results from either having a disease or from receiving a vaccine. � Vaccines contain small amounts of dead or modified pathogens or their toxins. � Most vaccines are given to children.

Active Immunity �A vaccine causes your immune system to produce antibodies against the pathogen, as if you had actually been infected. � You develop immunity without having to experience the disease. � After a few years, you may receive a booster dose of some vaccines to “remind” your immune system to maintain your immunity.

Bacterial Diseases � Despite all your body’s defenses, occasionally pathogens are able to enter your body and cause disease. � In most cases your immune system is able to defeat the illness. � Of the thousands of infectious diseases, about 40 commonly occur in the U. S. � We will discuss 4 of them

Strep Throat �A bacterial disease that is common among teens. � Strep bacteria, which are usually found in the nose and throat, can be spread by contact with mucus from an infected person. � Symptoms include: sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever,

Lyme disease � Can be infected when bitten by an infected tick. � Symptoms include: red rash at the site of the tick bite, fever, chills, and body aches. � The best prevention for Lyme disease is to avoid tick bites. � This can be done by wearing long sleeves, long pants, and tucking your pants into your socks.

Bacterial Meningitis � An infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. � Symptoms include: high fever, headache, vomiting, and a stiff neck. � There are two types of meningitis, one is caused by a virus the other by bacteria. � Early treatment of bacterial meningitis is critical to prevent serious illness and death.

Tuberculosis �A highly contagious infection of the lungs. � Is transmitted when droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze are inhaled. � Symptoms include: fatigue, weight loss, a mild fever, and constant cough, and may not show up for many years after the initial infection. � 1/3 of the worlds population is infected with TB, and nearly 2 million die each year.

Treating Bacterial Infections � Usually treated with an antibiotic. � These can only be purchased with a prescription. � Using antibiotics exactly as they are prescribed is extremely important to prevent bacteria from developing resistance to the medicine.