Passive Components Capacitors Resistors Passive Components account for

Passive Components: Capacitors & Resistors Passive Components account* for: 80% of BOM Count 60% of PCB Area 20% of BOM Cost * - Wireless Systems Design 02 -2000

Topics: General Thru-Hole & SMT Assembly …pages 3 ~ 6 Products Capacitors …pages 7 ~ 36 Resistors …pages 37 ~ 47 – Types – Markets – Characteristics – Substitution Guidelines – Appearance – Sizes – Marking 2

Thru-Hole Assembly 1. Leaded parts are inserted into holes in circuit board 2. Leads are clinched and cut. 3. Molten wave of solder connects leads to board. Wave of molten solder Direction of Assembly Flow 3

Surface Mount (SMT) Assembly 1. Solder paste is printed onto land patterns. PCB 4

Surface Mount (SMT) Assembly 2. SMT parts are placed (by automatic pick and place equipment) onto solder paste covered land patterns. Vacuum Nozzle 5

Surface Mount (SMT) Assembly 3. Circuit board is run through a reflow soldering oven. Where the solder paste liquefies, and electrically connects the SMT component terminations to the circuit board land patterns. As the circuit board moves out of heating zone the liquid solder solidifies mechanically fixing the SMT components to the circuit board. 6

Capacitor Family Tree CAPACITORS ELECTROSTATIC CERAMIC FILM ELECTROLYTIC ALUMINUM TANTALUM • Non polarized • Polarized • AC or DC operation • Lower Capacitance • Higher Capacitance 7

Markets CAPACITORS ELECTROSTATIC CERAMIC FILM Ø Biggest market Ø Lowest Cost Ø 1206 Long LT Ø 0603 & 0402 good choices Ø Better performance at higher cost Ø SMT longer LT ELECTROLYTIC ALUMINUM TANTALUM Ø Large Cap at low cost Ø SMT increasing LT Ø Price flat on TH Ø Large Cap in Small Sizes Ø Long LT Ø Price Increases on C/ D/ E sizes 8

Capacitance Values CERAMIC FILM TANTALUMINUM 1. 0 p. F ALUMINUM 0. 10 u. F 1000 u. F F = micro-Farad = 1 x 10 -6 F = 1 millionth of a Farad n. F = Nano-Farad = 1 x 10 -9 F = 1 billionth of a Farad TANTALUM CERAMIC FILM p. F = Pico-Farad = 1 x 10 -12 F = 1 trillionth of a Farad 9

Capacitance Values – EIA Codes 3 digit code (p. F) 3 digit code TANTALUM CERAMIC FILM “R” represents decimal point 4 R 7 = 4. 7 p. F 3 digit code First 2 digits are significant. Third digit is number of zeros. 101 = 100 p. F 10

(p. F) TANTALUM CERAMIC FILM 103 = 10, 000 p. F 103 = 10 n. F 103 = 0. 01 u. F 104 = 100, 000 p. F 104 = 100 n. F 104 = 0. 1 u. F 106 = 10, 000 p. F Capacitance Values – EIA Codes 3 digit code 104 = 10, 000 n. F 104 = 10 u. F 11

Capacitance Values – EIA Codes 3 digit code (u. F) ALUMINUM 3 digit code “R” represents decimal point R 33 = 0. 33 u. F 3 digit code First 2 digits are significant. Third digit is number of zeros 471 = 470 u. F 12

Capacitance Values Standard Capacitance Values: Electrolytic Capacitors: Aluminum & Tantalum 10 22 33 47 Examples: 0. 1, 0. 22, 0. 33, 0. 47… 1. 0, 2. 2, 3. 3, 4. 7. 10, 22, 33, 47… 100, 220, 330 … 13

Capacitance Values Standard Capacitance Values: (PER EIA-575 & RS 460) Electrostatics: Ceramic & Film E 12 : 10 12 15 18 22 27 33 39 47 56 68 82 Examples: 1. 0, 1. 2, 1. 5, …. 10, 15, 22, … 100, 180, 270, … 1 K, 3. 3 K, 4. 7 K, … 10 K, 33 K, 56 K, … 560 K, 680 K, 820 K, … 1 u. F, 2. 2 u. F, 4. 7 u. F, … 14

Capacitance Values Standard Capacitance Values: (PER EIA-575 & RS 460) Electrostatics: Ceramic & Film E 24 : 10 11 12 13 15 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 33 36 39 43 47 51 56 62 68 75 82 91 In-between Values Shown In Red Are Considered “Odd” Non-Preferred Values And As Such Are Not Stocked And Should Be Discouraged From Being Selected 15

Component Characteristics Substitution Guide: Capacitors » Capacitance Value Substitution In many cases increasing to higher capacitance value is acceptable i. e… 2200 u. F part can be considered for use in place of 1500 u. F part i. e… 3. 3 u. F part can be considered for use in place of 2. 2 u. F part i. e… 0. 22 u. F part can be considered for use in place of 0. 1 u. F part 16

Tolerance Capacitance Tolerance : The allowable window - limits that the capacitors’ +25°C (room temperature) capacitance value will be within. 1 digit code ALUMINUM CERAMIC FILM TANTALUM CERAMIC FILM CERAMIC 17

Component Characteristics Substitution Guide: Capacitors » Capacitance Tolerance Substitution “A component with a tighter (better) tolerance can replace a looser (worst) tolerance component. ” i. e. . . ± 1%(F) tolerance part can replace ± 2%(G), ± 5%(J) or ± 10% (K) tolerance part i. e. . . ± 2%(G) tolerance part can replace ± 5%(J), ± 10% (K) or ± 20% (M) tolerance part i. e. . . ± 5%(J) tolerance part can replace ± 10%(K) or ± 20% (M) tolerance part i. e… ± 10%(K) tolerance part can replace ± 20%(M) or +80%/-20%(Z) tolerance part i. e… ± 20%(M) tolerance part can replace +80%/-20%(Z) tolerance part 18

Voltage Rating Voltage Rating The maximum VDC that can be applied to the capacitor Range of Voltage Ratings: 2. 0 VDC ~ 15, 000 VDC 2 digit code 19

Component Characteristics Substitution Guide: Capacitors » Capacitance Voltage Rating Substitution “A component with a higher voltage rating may be used in place of, or as a substitute for, a lower voltage rated component. ” i. e… 1000 V rated part can replace 500 V, 250 V or 100 V rated part. i. e… 500 V rated part can replace 250 V , 100 V or 50 V rated part. i. e… 250 V rated part can replace 100 V, 50 V or 25 V rated part. i. e… 100 V rated part can replace 50 V or 25 V rated part. i. e… 50 V rated part can replace 25 V or 16 V rated part. i. e… 25 V rated part can replace 16 V or 10 V rated part. 20

TC Characteristic Each Capacitor will have a temperature coefficient (TC). TC is a measure of how the capacitance value behaves over temperature. All parts are supplied to be within tolerance at room temperature (+25°C = +77°F) Aluminum Electrolytic styles have TC of± 20% over -40°C to +105°C Tantalum Electrolytic styles have TC of ± 5% over -55°C to +85°C Film styles have TC of ± 7% over -40°C to +105°C +10 % 000 -10% -20% -50 C +25 C -30% +100 C 21

TC Characteristic Unfortunately not all capacitance values can be produced from one ceramic dielectric formulation… A wide range of ceramic dielectrics are needed, and have been developed, to cover a broad range of capacitance values. The EIA (Electronics Industries Alliance) established industry classifications for ceramic dielectrics that are agreed to and met by all ceramic capacitor producers. These ceramic dielectric classifications are identified by their temperature coefficient (TC) code. U 5 Z F O P N Y 5 P Y 5 X 7 R 22

TC Characteristic Standard Temperature Coefficients (TC) of ceramic capacitors: X 7 R = ± 15% C over -55°C ~ + 125°C 23

Component Characteristics Substitution Guide: Capacitors » Temperature Coefficient Substitution “A component with a more stable (better) temperature characteristic (TC) can replace a less temperature stable (worse) component. i. e…an X 7 R ceramic can replace Z 5 U or Y 5 V ceramic parts. i. e…an NPO ceramic can replace a X 7 R or Z 5 U or Y 5 V ceramic. NPO… X 7 R… X 5 F… X 5 P… X 5 R… XRS… X 5 T… Y 5 U… Y 5 V… Z 5 U… Z 5 V. . . MOST STABLE LEAST STABLE 24

Capacitance Range per TC Multilayer Ceramic Chip Capacitor Temperature Coefficients: NPO X 7 R Y 5 V Z 5 U 0. 5 p. F 1 p. F 100 p. F 1 n. F 100 n. F 1 u. F 10 u. F 25

Appearance • • Radial Leaded Electrolytic Capacitors Cathode lead (-) shorter than anode (+) Cathode polarity band or anode strip Date code (YYWW) “ 9614” = 14 th week of 1996 Temperature rating Capacitance value (µF) Voltage rating (VDC) Logo 26

Appearance Axial • • • & Snap-In Leaded Electrolytic Capacitors Cathode polarity band Date code (YYWW) “ 9614” = 14 th week of 1996 Temperature rating Capacitance value (µF) Voltage rating (VDC) Logo 27

Ceramic Disc Capacitor (Radial) 28

Film Capacitor (Radial Leaded) • Capacitance value (p. F) & Tolerance Code • Voltage rating (VDC) 29

Appearance • • SMT Electrolytic Capacitors Cathode (-) & Anode (+) markers Capacitance value (µF) Voltage rating (VDC) Date Code 30

Dimensions (Surface Mount) English Metric Length Width 0402 1005 1. 0 mm (0. 04”) 0. 5 mm (0. 02”) 0603 1608 1. 6 mm (0. 06”) 0. 8 mm (0. 03”) 0805 2012 2. 0 mm (0. 08”) 1. 2 mm (0. 05”) 1206 3216 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 1. 6 mm (0. 06”) 1210 3225 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 2. 5 mm (0. 10”) 1812 4532 4. 5 mm (0. 18”) 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 2225 5764 5. 7 mm (0. 22”) 6. 4 mm (0. 25”) No Component Marking LENGTH WIDTH 31

Surface Mount Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors Case Code Metric English Length Width P 2012 0805 2. 0 mm (0. 08”) 1. 2 mm (0. 05”) A, A 2 3216 1206 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 1. 6 mm (0. 06”) B, B 2 3528 1411 3. 5 mm (0. 14”) 2. 8 mm (0. 11”) C 6032 2412 6. 0 mm (0. 24”) 3. 2 mm(0. 12”) D 1* 5846 2318 5. 8 mm (0. 23”) 4. 6 mm(0. 18”) D, E 7343 2917 7. 3 mm (0. 29”) 4. 3 mm (0. 17”) * - D 1 is Japanese size 32

Surface Mount Film Chip Capacitors English Metric Length Width 0805 2012 2. 0 mm (0. 08”) 1. 2 mm (0. 05”) 1206 3216 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 1. 6 mm (0. 06”) 1210 3225 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 2. 5 mm (0. 10”) 1913 4833 4. 8 mm (0. 19”) 3. 3 mm (0. 13”) 2416 6041 6. 0 mm (0. 24”) 4. 1 mm (0. 16”) No Component Marking 33

Reel Labeling Part Number, Product Lot Number and Date Code identified on product reel labels provides trace-ability to production 34

Component Characteristics Substitution Guide: Capacitors 35

Component Characteristics Substitution Guide: Capacitors 36

Resistor Family Tree RESISTORS LEADED SMT CARBON FILM +/-5% GENERAL PURPOSE METAL FILM +/-1% THICK FILM METAL OXIDE FILM HIGHER PERFORMANCE +/-1% +/-5% GENERAL PURPOSE WIREWOUND >2 W HIGH POWER THIN FILM <+/-1% SPECIAL 37

Resistor Family Tree RESISTORS LEADED SMT Ø Higher cost Ø Lower volumes Ø Performance applic driven CARBON FILM METAL FILM THICK FILM METAL OXIDE FILM Ø Mature Market Ø Flat Pricing Ø Declining Qty’s THIN FILM WIREWOUND Ø Lowest cost Ø Largest Qty’s Ø Increasing LT & Pricing for larger sizes (>0805) 38

Resistor Characteristics RESISTANCE VALUE Resistance is expressed in ohms ( ). Typical resistance values are industry standard (E 24 & E 96) values from 1. 0 ohm to 10 Meg-ohms (10, 000 ohm = 10 Meg. Ohm) 39

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Leaded Types Axial Leaded Styles Carbon Film Metal Oxide 44

Leaded Types Single In-Line Package (“SIP”) in 4 pin to 13 pin package Isolated 1 2 3 4 5 6 Common / Bussed 7 45

SMT Types English Metric Length Width 0201 0502 0. 5 mm (0. 02”) 0. 25 mm (0. 01”) 0402 1005 1. 0 mm (0. 04”) 0. 5 mm (0. 02”) 0603 1608 1. 6 mm (0. 06”) 0. 8 mm (0. 03”) 0805 2012 2. 0 mm (0. 08”) 1. 2 mm (0. 05”) 1206 3216 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 1. 6 mm (0. 06”) 1210 3225 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 2. 5 mm (0. 10”) 1812 4532 4. 5 mm (0. 18”) 3. 2 mm (0. 12”) 2225 5764 5. 7 mm (0. 22”) 6. 4 mm (0. 25”) Thick Film Chips 46

SMT Types Thick Film Arrays 47