Parul Polytechnic Institute Subject Code 3300003 Name Of

Parul Polytechnic Institute Subject Code : 3300003 Name Of Subject : ECHM Name of Unit : WIND ENERGY Topic : WIND ENERGY Name of Faculty : Poonam Pal

VERTICAL AXIS WIND MILLS

Savonious wind mill In 1920 S. J. Savonious has designed the savonious wind mill. The rotor of this vertical axis wind is Sshaped. It is made of from hemispherical drums welded to the vertical shaft fitted in the bearing which are fixed on the ground.

DARRIEUS WIND MILL IN 1925 Georges Darrieus had designed vertical axis wind mill with light weight aerofoil blades to give less resistance to air and more rotational speed even in low speed wind.

HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND MILLS

TYPES OR CLASSIFICATION OF HAWT (A) According to no. of blades : Monoblade Twinblade Threeblade (B) According to power output : Small capacity = 10 -50 kw (rotor dia. = 1 -16 mt) Medium capacity = 50 -500 kw (rotor dia. = 16 -50 mt) Large capacity = 500 -1000 kw (rotor dia. = 50 -130 mt)

TYPES OR CLASSIFICATION OF HAWT (C) According to direction : Upwind turbine Downwind turbine (D) According to Lift & Drag type : Lift forces are perpendicular to direction of wind velocity. Drag forces are in the same direction to wind velocity.

WORKING OF LARGE WIND TURBINE & ITS INTERNAL PARTS

PARTS OF LARGE WIND TURBINE • • Rotor blade Pitch Brakes Low speed shaft Gearbox High speed shaft Generator • • Anemometer Nacelle Windvane Controller Yaw drive Yaw motor Tower

TYPES OF GENERATOR USED IN WIND TURBINES VSFC CSFC 1) DC GENERATOR 2) PERMANENT MAGNET ALTERNATORS 3) INDUCTION GENERATORS

(A) VSFC (VARIABLE SPEED CONSTANT FREQUENCY) : üFrequency is variable. üConnected to rectifiers & inverter üAfter this constant frequency is achieved. üAdditional charge of rectifier & inverter. üThis power cannot be used for grid connection.

(B) CSFC (COSTANT SPEED CONSTANT FREQUENCY) : üGenerate constant frequency directly. üHence it is used in power grid system. üTypes 1)DC GENERATOR 2)PERMANENT MAGNET ALTERNATORS 3)INDUCTION GENERATORS

APPLICATIONS OF WINDMILL üFor water pumping üFor running flour mills üTo run farm machines üUseful in cottage industry üUsed for battery charging üUsed in many forest projects üUsed for generating electricity

SITE SELECTION FOR WIND MILLS üWhere wind velocity is around 15 kms or more üWind should be steady & blowing almost all year around. üShould not be big trees, buildings or near hills. üShould not be established in dense forest. üBest place – seashore or on island üPlace should be selected where there is no thunderstorm. üPreferable near grid lines or power station.

WIND FARMS When many power generating windmills are collectively installed at a place to generate electric power, the place is called as “wind farm”. Places of windfarm – Coastal areas of Gujarat like Kutch & Saurashtra. IMAGE OF WINDMILL AT KUTCH

ADVANTAGES OF WINDFARM üThey convert wind energy into electrical energy. üMaintenance is easy. üDo not need many persons to operate & run the plant. üLess expensive. üWind farm produce clean, green & cheap power. üDo not generate green house gases; hence it is pollution free.