PARTONIC NUCLEON STRUCTURE IN LEPTON SCATTERING Contalbrigo Marco

PARTONIC NUCLEON STRUCTURE IN LEPTON SCATTERING Contalbrigo Marco INFN Ferrara 15 th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon December 2, 2016 Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg PA, USA

The Nucleon Structure d 2 k 2 b. T d 2 k T 2 b. T d High Energy Probe Hard Scale Longitudinal momentum k+=x. P+ l Photon Virtuality l Contalbrigo M. Q 2 MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 2

Kinematic Coverage H-W Lin++ [1711. 07916] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 3

Kinematic Coverage Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 4

Parton Content MMHT HERAPDF 2. 0 CT 14 CJ 15 ABMP 16 NNPDF 3. 1 [ar. Xiv 1412. 3989] [ar. Xiv 1506. 06042] [ar. Xiv 1506. 07443] [ar. Xiv 1602. 03154] [ar. Xiv 1701. 05838] [ar. Xiv 1706. 00428] BB LSS DSSV BS NNPDF JLAM [ar. Xiv 1005. 3113] [ar. Xiv 1010. 0574] [ar. Xiv 1404. 4293] [ar. Xiv 1408. 7057] [ar. Xiv 1406. 5539] [ar. Xiv 1601. 07782] H-W Lin++ [1711. 07916] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 5

Strange Content COMPASS [ar. Xiv: 1608. 06760] ep e’ k X Still contradictory experimental results pp W c X CMS [ar. Xiv: 1310. 1138] pp W X ATLAS [ar. Xiv: 1612. 03016] CMS Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 6

Gluon Content Awaiting the advent of a dedicated electron–ion collider NNPDF 3. 1++ [1706. 00428] E. C. Ashenauer++ [1509. 06489] R. Seidl, C. Weiss talks Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 7

Parton Content Unpolarized moments Polarized (helicity) moments H-W Lin++ [1711. 07916] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 8

Inclusive Jets @ HERA Good perturbative description (hard gluon emission) p. T>5 Ge. V Q 2>5 Ge. V 2 Part in a p. T<<Q TMD regime H 1 [ar. Xiv: 1611. 03421] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 9

Non Perturbative QCD signals Non perturbative PDF component shows effects up to vector boson production at LHC CMS [ar. Xiv: 1110. 4973] D’Alesio++ [ar. Xiv: 1407. 3311] M~90 Ge. V Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 10

Gluon u. PDF @ low-x Starting distribution for gluons at q 0 with CCFM (BFKL like) evolution S. Dooling ++ [ar. Xiv 1406. 2994] CMS [ar. Xiv: 1406. 7533] W + n jets Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 11

Elliptic Flow Is there a collective motion in small systems ? ALICE [PLB 726 (2013) 164] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 12

QCD vs p. QCD can not be a precision science Should not be confused with p. QCD, which can, but is not touching the intimate nature of the strong interaction Single Spin Asymmetries AN Proton Spin Budget pp p. X ? Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 13

The Strong Force Confined Universe Dynamic Spin - Parton polarization - Orbital motion - Form Factors - Magnetic Moment Parton Correlations - d. PDFs - Short range - MPI Hadronization - Spin-orbit effects - Parton energy loss - Jet quenching Contalbrigo M. Color charge density - Nucleon tomography - Diffractive physics - Gluon saturation - Color force MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 14

The 3 D Nucleon Structure Confinement Scale d 2 k 2 b. T d T Transverse momentum d 2 k T k. T 2 b. T d b. T High Energy Probe Hard Scale Transverse position Longitudinal momentum k+=x. P+ Spin l Tra Photon Virtuality l Contalbrigo M. Q 2 MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University ns ve rse pla ne 15

SIDIS & TMDs 3 D momentum and spin-orbit effect: Parton kinematics and flavor from observed hadron kinematics and type Distribution and fragmentation convoluted: Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 16

Parton Correlators LQCD<<q. T<<Q Beauty and complexity of the unique strong-interacting world same physics TMD PDF TMD World hadron polarisation nucleon polarisation quark polarisation Contalbrigo M. N/q U L T quark polarisation N/q U L T U MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 17

Unpolarised TMDs +9 / -6 (TMDs) A. Bacchetta++ [ar. Xiv: 1703. 10157] ATLAS++ [ar. Xiv: 1701. 07240] TMDs Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 18

Medium Modifications DIS Parton propagation in nuclear matter In DIS: kinematic control via scattered electron and target nuclei N-B Chang ++ [ar. Xiv: 1401. 5109] RHIC Au+Au JET Coll. [ar. Xiv: 1312. 5003] LHC Pb+Pb Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 19

Spin-Orbit Effects: Sivers pp WX x (-1) Sivers from polarized SIDIS HERMES [ar. Xiv: 0906. 3918] COMPASS [ar. Xiv: 1205. 5122] Sivers from hadronic reactions COMPASS [ar. Xiv: 1704. 00488] pp l+l-X x Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 20

Sivers Shifts on Lattice Yoon++ [ar. Xiv: 1706. 03406] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 21

Spin-Orbit Effects: Collins Q 2 ~ 5 -7 Ge. V 2 HERMES [ar. Xiv 0408013] HERMES [ar. Xiv 0906. 3918] COMPASS [ar. Xiv 1005. 5609] COMPASS [ar. Xiv 1408. 4405] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University Q 2 ~ 110 Ge. V 2 Belle [talk at DIS 2014] BESIII [ar. Xiv 1507. 06824] Babar [ar. Xiv 1309. 5278] 22

Transversity & Tensor Charge Distributions: Charges: A. Bacchetta @ DIS 219 Helicity x Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 23

Tensor Charge & BSM Physics Baessler++ @ this Conf. A. Bychkov++ [ar. Xiv: 0804. 1815] B. Pattie++ [ar. Xiv: 1309. 2499] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 24

Tensor Charge & EDM violates P and T and CP (if CPT holds) Tensor Charge measures transverse quark polarization in a transversely polarized nucleon Pitschman++ [ar. Xiv: 1411. 2052] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 25

Hard Exclusive & GPDs Transverse size & nucleon tomography: Impact parameter derived from the transverse momentum transferred to nucleon Various final states to prove GPDs and flavors p Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 26

Elastic Scattering A. Gasparian @ ECT* (2018) Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 27

Pseudoscalar Mesons Production Surprising large contribution from 1/Q-suppressed transverse photon component M. Contalbrigo MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 28

Polarized Quark Imaging Phenomenological extractions Lattice calculations V. Kubarovsky [ar. Xiv: 1601. 04367] M. Gockeler++ [PRL 98 (2007) 222001] M. Contalbrigo MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 29

DVCS Interference Informations on the real and imaginary part of the QCD scattering amplitude H. S. Jo et. al. [ar. Xiv: 1504. 02009] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 30

Parton Imaging gg g g Frankfurt++ [PRD 83 (2011) 054012] COMPASS++ [PLB 793 (2019) 188] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 31

DVCS Interference Informations on the real and imaginary part of the QCD scattering amplitude H. Moutarde++ [ar. Xiv: 1807. 07620] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 32

Quark Orbital Momentum Access OAM Lq= Jq-½DS via Ji sum rule To access Eu & Ed both Ep & En are needed Proton GPD Neutron GPD JLAB E 12 -010 AUT on proton Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University JLAB E 11 -003 ALU on neutron 33

Extreme Matter Conditions GPDs moments are related to the proton momentum-energy tensor, e. g. how pressure and momentum are distributed within the nucleon Pressure inside the nucleon Neutron star equation of state V. Burkert++ [Nature 577 (2018)] M. Contalbrigo MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University S. Liuti++ [ar. Xiv 1812. 01479] 34

Lattice Achievements Nucleon mass components Helicity distribution K-F Liu @ this Conf. Spin decomposition K-F Liu++ [ar. Xiv 1203. 6388] Transversity distribution C. Alezandrous++ [ar. Xiv 1902. 00587] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 35

A World-wide Challenge Babar (e+e-): < 2007 Sea. Quest (pp): 2012 - 2016 JPARC(pp): 2018++ BELLE (e+e-): < 2010 RHIC (pp): FAIR (pp): 2018++ BELLEII (e+e-): 2017++ COMPASS (pp): 2016 – 2017 NICA (pp): 2018++ Contalbrigo M. 2011, 2017++ MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University AFTER (pp): 2020++ 36

High-Luminosity @ JLab 12 All 4 experimental hall in operation since February 2018 ~ 1 year data taking Contalbrigo M. ~ 1 day data taking MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 37

COMPASS New data taking approved in 2021 transversely polarized deuterium target for flavor separation Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 38

LHe. C Under study The ultimate collinear PDF determination M. Klein++ [ar. Xiv 1802. 04317] Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 39

Electron-Ion Collider E. C. Aschenauer++ [ar. Xiv: 17008. 01527] US NP priority 3 D Nucleon and Gluon condensate ✔ High luminosity (1034 cm-2 s-1) ✔ Variable CM energy: 20 – 100 Ge. V ✔ Highly polarized beams ✔ Protons and other nuclei Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 40

Nucleon Structure Landscape Data in the much needed “intermediate” energy region matching “pure” p. QCD with “pure” TMD regime. EIC JLab 12 Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 41

Conclusions The last decade provided many evidences that correlation of partonic transverse degrees of freedom in the nucleon do exist and manifest in hadronic interactions Next step: Moving from phenomenology to rigorous treatment (predictive power) New data coming from SIDIS, DY, e+e- and pp reactions should allow to: • Constrain models in the valence region • Test factorization, universality and evolution • Study higher twist effects • Investigate non-perturbative to perturbative transition (along PT) • Flavor separation via proton and deuteron targets and hadron ID • Test of Lattice QCD calculations A comprehensive study provides access to the peculiar dynamics of the QCD confined world Contalbrigo M. MENU 2019, 3 rd June 2019, Carnegie Mellon University 42