Particle theory Aims 1 To know the three

Particle theory Aims: 1. To know the three states of matter 2. To be able to relate the particle theory to changes of state 3. To know the terms used to define each change of state

Science Differentiation in action Matter is made up of anything that takes up space and has mass. Does air take up space? Does air have mass?

Science Differentiation in action There are three states of matter. Solids Liquids Gases

Particle Theory o. All matter is made of tiny particles Particles are called molecules or atoms o. The particles are attracted to each other o. The particles are always in motion o. The amount of motion of particles depends on the amount of (heat) energy

The Three States of Matter can be in one of three “states”. The three states of matter are SOLIDS, LIQUIDS and GASES. What are their properties? Solid Very difficult to squash, can’t be poured Liquid Gas Difficult to squash, can be poured Easy to squash, can be poured

Science Differentiation in action Solids Have a definite shape Have a definite volume Particles are packed tightly together Particles cannot move freely

Science Differentiation in action Liquids Have no fixed shape Have a definite volume Particles are packed loosely together Particles can move a little

Science Differentiation in action Gases Have no definite shape Have no definite volume `Particles are far apart Particles move freely

Activity: Copy out the three states of matter leaving a gap beneath each. SOLID LIQUID GAS

Particle theory is all about explaining the properties of solids, liquids and gases by looking at what the particles do. SOLIDS vibrate In a solid the particles ______ fixed position. There around a _____ strong force of attraction is a ______ between each particle and they close together are very _____ Words to use – strong, close, vibrate, fixed

LIQUIDS In a liquid the particles are close together but can move in _____ any direction. They won’t keep ____ fixed shape like _____ solids do. a _____ GASES In a gas the particles are far quickly in all apart and move _____ collide directions. They often ______ with each other and because they are far apart they can be squashed easily _______. Words – fixed, collide, any, quickly, close, very, solids

Science Differentiation in action Changes of State evaporating melting Liquid Solid freezing Gas condensing

Changes of State Changes of state occur when one state of matter (i. e. solid, liquid or gas) is changed into another… 2) If even more energy is supplied to the liquid the bonds will be completely broken and the liquid will turn into a… GAS 1) If enough energy is supplied to a solid the particles will break free from their fixed positions and the solid will become a… LIQUID 3) A gas can be turned straight back into a solid, but this is very rare

Changes of State What are these processes called? Choose from freezing, boiling, melting, condensing Boiling Melting Freezing Condensing

Some definitions… Melting A change of state – solid to liquid Evaporation A change of state – liquid to gas Condensing A change of state – gas to liquid Freezing A change of state – liquid to solid

Quiz 1) Name the 3 states of matter. Solid, liquid and gas 2) Which of the 3 states can’t be poured? Solid 3) Which of the 3 states is water vapour? gas 4) Which of the 3 states will match the shape of any container? Gas & liquid 5) Which of the 3 states is most easily compressed? gas 6) What is the name of the change of state for when a liquid turns into a gas? boiling 7) What is the name for when a gas turns back into a liquid? Condensation

• Activity: Pretending to be particles • Thunderbolt kids