PARTICIPLE BASICS Definition a verbal adjective e g

PARTICIPLE “BASICS” Definition: a “verbal” adjective e. g. The sleeping baby had sweet dreams. “sleeping” is the participle describing the “baby”. “had” is the main verb. ***Since Participles are “adjectives” they must agree with the nouns they describe in GENDER, #, CASE*** 3 Types of Participles: 1. Present Active Participle – “verbing” the noun 2. Perfect Passive Participle- the noun “having been verbed” 3. Future Active Participle – “about to verb”

The Present Active Participle Translation: “verbing” the noun (see sentence 1 st slide) Formation: present stem + ns/nt + 3 rd Declen. Endings (2 nd p. p. – re) nota bene: “ns” is used to ONLY form a participle modifying a NOMINATIVE SINGULAR NOUN e. g. 1. The sleeping baby had sweet dreams. “sleeping baby” is the subject i. e. Nom. Thus… dormiens infans (nom. sing. masc. ) e. g. 2. The mother woke the sleeping baby. “sleeping baby” is the direct obj. i. e. Acc. Thus…dormientem infantem(acc. sing. masc. )

The Perfect Passive Participle Translation: “having been verbed” Formation: 4 th prin. pt. + 1 st/2 nd declen. endings English ex. The prisoner having been thrown in jail received one phone call. Latin ex. 1 – fabrī iactī in thermam clamabat. “iactī” is the PPP describing “fabrī” Gender = Masc. , # = Plural, Case=Nom. Transl. = The craftsmen having been thrown into the bath, shouted. Latin ex. 2 – architectus vituperavit fabrōs iactōs in thermam. “iactos” is the PPP describing “fabros” Gender=Masc. , # = Plural, Case = Acc. Transl. = The architect cursed at the craftsmen having been thrown into the bath.

THE FUTURE ACTIVE PARTICIPLE!! TRANSLATION – about to verb FORMATION – 4 th p. p – us, a, um + ur + us, a, um English: The thief, about to be thrown in jail, received one phone call. Latin : fur, iacturus in carcere, acceptivit unum vocem. iacturus agrees in gender, #, case with fur Gender = masc. ; Number = sing. ; Case = Nom.