Partial History of 911 From Roman times to

(Partial) History of 9/11 From Roman times to the Crusades, to Western involvement in Middle East for Oil, to the present.

1 ½ hour video clips of 9/11 See: 22: 00 for clips of 2 nd plane 1: 02: 00 buildings collapse http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Pj. QFA 7 COMs. U https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=y 2 Lxm ESk. V 0 Q Use for 1 st few minutes, 22: 00 for 2 nd plane and 1: 02: 00 collapse 1: 17: 00 Rubble-strewn plaza 1: 26: 00 2 nd Collapse Narrated sequence with Pete Hamill etc. .

Video clips of 2 nd plane hitting http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Np. UKM 0 MFNa. M

South Tower collapse video http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=qhyuf. Z 2 n. RA

CNN “As it happened” coverage video clip SEE 15: 10 FOR 2 ND PLANE HITTING AND NEWSCASTERS NOT HAVING ANY IDEA WHAT JUST HAPPENED https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=rs. IWPP w-Jz. U

Western Civilization/Eastern Civilization: Compare/Contrast n See slide show in Greece power point.

General history of the West: n n n Greece (500 B. C. ): Democracy Roman Republic (479 B. C. - 44 B. C. ) S. P. Q. R. Greece and Rome are “Classical” civilizations. See: Greece power point for pictorial explanation of “The Classical”.

. . history of the west. . n n Imperial Rome (44 B. C. - 476 A. D. ) Dark Ages (476 A. D. - 800 A. D. )

. . History of the West. . n n n n France/Charlemagne (800 A. D. ) Renaissance (1200 A. D. ) England 1215 A. D. The Great Charter. . Then Parliament U. S. A. (1776/1865/1920) Next slide for how 1865 and 1920 tell us the WEST is NOT PERFECT!

… 594 B. C. Limitations to Solon’s reforms: n n Mostly enlightened or populist ideas… However… D) Women and non-landowners could not be citizens. -will be this way even after democracy. Irony: A woman’s statue in Parthenon.

Irony of statue of Athena in Parthenon

Why the West is not perfect…limited rights under Solon… n Comparative Irony: another country that did not give women rights until 1920 A. D. , but had a woman’s statue……?

Warm-up to introduce the history of the Jewish people: n n n 1. Why are minorities persecuted? (samples in intro. Binder) 2. Why do people act more aggressively when part of a “Team” or clique?

Roman Diaspora 70 A. D. n The fact that minorities are often persecuted allows the Romans to punish the Jews in perpetuity.

Roman Siege of Jerusalem

Jews are “Dispersed” to four corners of Roman Empire as minorities. Romans knew others’ fear of strangers etc. . would lead to persecution of Jews Israel would form 1878 years later!

The Crusades n n 1095 Pope Urban calls for holy war. Christian Knights vs. Muslim warriors Saladin

Middle Ages’ Jews as Bankers Catholic church banned USURY! ¡ n n n (lending of $$$ for interest) The Catholic Church stifled the economy in Middle Ages. Jews only ones who could lend $$; got wealthy, and were resented for it. See: Schadenfreude

Reversal of Fortunes: Europe vs. Muslim World n n Age of Discovery 1491 -1492 Isabella and Ferdinand kick Muslims out of Spain. (Columbus spreads Christianity) Today: Radical Muslims want “Andulusia” back!!! (see: 2003 train attacks in Spain) Today: Mosque in N. Y. C. to be named “Cordoba House”? ?

See story of Boabdil and his mother’s reaction to loss of Andalusia in 1491 “Cry like a woman over the place you could not defend as a man”

Cordoba Spain

The Alhambra in Granada, Spain

Daimler and Benz’s Internal Combustion Engine creates need for Oil Late 1800 s and especially with World War I with mechanized vehicles

Today’s oil industry is a billion(s) dollar business

Sykes-Picot treaty: because oil becomes so important… n n 1916: Anticipating defeating the Ottoman Empire during WWI, the British and the French agreed to divide the Middle East after the war. Because of promises by T. E. Lawrence “Lawrence of Arabia” to give them a CALIPHATE; the Arabs felt betrayed.

T. E. Lawrence Sir Mark Sykes

Sykes-Picot territory is area that ISIS dominates now!!

Area of ISIS influence is part of area promised by LAWRENCE OF ARABIA, but not given

ISIS killing techniques and victims Kayla Mueller

A would be victim

Theo Van Gogh

Zionism n n **1800 s Idea of Jewish state percolates among Jewish community partially because they tend to be scapegoated for economic downturns. 1917 - British Balfour declaration of sympathy for Israeli state.

…Zionism… n n **For 1800 years Jews had been content with where they lived because they had been born there and would not have thought to go back to M. E. (Similar to African-Americans resisting Jefferson/Monroe idea to repatriate them to Africa. )

Warm-up: Why would Jewish people’s views about moving back to Middle East change? n n 1. Will Europe still be “home” after the holocaust? 2. Can they trust their neighbors?

The Holocaust(1938 -1945)and Formation of Israel(1948). n n n British involvement: Post WWII, survivors sail for Palestine to attempt to form Israel. British, who control Mandates, at first resist because aware of trouble it will cause. Terrorism against British by Zionists. 1948 : U. N. mandate to divide Palestine.

U. S. involvement after British “pass the torch” to us. n n n Harry Truman recognizes Israel!!! Against advice of experts. Why: 1. His Protestant background. 2. Perceived influence of Jewish people in Hollywood and N. Y. 3. Israel would be a democracy in a region with many dictators.

1948: Arab nations attack!! Other Wars: 1953, 1967, 1973, 1983 and Hamas from Gaza strip now (2014) (map slide 32)

Israel 1967

See: U. S. S. Liberty -only maritime incident in U. S. history involving deaths not to be investigated by Congress.

1968: R. F. K. killed by Sirhan b/c support for Israel.

Sirhan

Assassinated in kitchen Of Los Angeles Hotel

U. S. support for Israel leads to… n n 1973 - Blatant support in Yom Kippur war. Oil crisis as a result.

High mileage Japanese cars took over!!!

Recently Israel has developed an anti-missile system called Iron Dome (see article) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=x_8913 9 WKho New York Times/ 2 minutes/ experience of those on the ground.

Clip 2 of Iron Dome… Developed before U. S. did mainly because Democrats in congress believed if we could defend ourselves we would become too aggressive. NBC news Report: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=TEQBY m. Lacwk Democrats poked fun at Ronald Reagan’s idea for missile defense by calling it Star Wars (Actual name: Strategic Defense Initiative) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=J 3 qa. Gi c-q. Gw Footage of interceptions only

Opposing view: See article and question sheet on Iron Dome and thesis that a defensive system stops atrocities because if able to defend yourself your people do not call for extreme means of revenge.

Is Israel situation intractable? See: Anwar Sadat and Yitzhak Rabin 1978 Camp David peace accords: Sadat wins Nobel peace prize

Moments before assassination

. . Intractable? ? 1981 Assassination of Anwar Sadat by his own men

. . Intractable? ?

. . Intractable? ? Yitzak Rabin had been a hardened fighter on behalf of Israel: Signed Oslo peace accords 1994.

. . Intractable? ? Yitzhak Rabin signed 1994 Oslo peace accords “Song for Peace” in Jacket pocket Of Rabin. Killed by “Right wing” Zealot.

1979 U. S. S. R. invades Afghanistan n The U. S. aids Mujahedeen warriors vs. U. S. S. R. EXAMPLE OF U. S. SUPPORTING LESSER OF TWO EVILS. “THE ENEMY OF MY ENEMY IS…” Not from Afghanistan!!! He is from a very wealthy Saudi Arabian family.

See article on U. S. support of Mujahedeen in Afghanistan: n LAUNCHING THE MISSILE THAT MADE HISTORY by Michael Phillips

See clip on Stinger missiles: Charlie Wilson’s War http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Wm. Dsz. Vxti 0

1979: Revolution in Iran n U. S. - supported Shah of Iran is ousted by Islamic leader Ayatollah Khomeini. U. S. supported Shah of Iran Islamic Cleric Ayatollah Khomeini

See clip from movie: Argo 4: 30 clip on history of Persia/Iran http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_6 RGeq NFa. QM

AHMADINEJAD WAS ONE OF THE TERRORISTS

Was there a perception in the world that Jimmy Carter was weak? He lost 1980 election.

HOSTAGES FREED ON INAUGURATION DAY 1981

The Shah of Iran’s widow living in NYC today.

1991: Persian Gulf War n n U. S. vs. Iraq (b/c invasion of Kuwait). U. S. soldiers in the holy land of Saudi Arabia. (including women soldiers)

Strictly held beliefs regarding how women should dress.

Female soldiers in Middle East

Women soldiers had to stay on base.

Only male soldiers could go off base for soda-pop!

Western freedoms vs. Sharia Law

Western freedoms vs. Sharia Law

1991: Because of U. S. soldiers(especially women) in Saudi Arabia. . n n Osama Bin Laden begins plans for terrorist attack on U. S. His rhetoric includes denouncing our support for Israel and the vices of the west.

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

1993 First World Trade Center bombing.

1993 Bombers

Reaction to 1993 bombing: n n President Clinton does not retaliate for fear of offending Muslim voters in Detroit area. (Michigan was a swing state in upcoming election. )

In defense of Bill Clinton’s(D) inaction regarding terrorist attacks: n n Sovereignty of countries that he might have invaded to go after terrorists. Geneva conference’s international rules against torture to gain intelligence. Rule of Law in U. S. and concept of privacy in search and seizure. Concept of Just War.

1996: Taliban in power in Afghanistan (see: Kite Runner) Child trainees n n Al Qaeda gets safe haven there to plan their next attacks. Also flight schools in Venice, Florida. Info. About this not shared FBI/CIA Patriot Act after 9/11 will allow this and more power to officials.

A suicide bomber

1998: Clinton refuses Sudan’s offer to extradite Bin Laden n n Also in 1998: U. S. embassies bombed in Dar Es(Tanzania) Salaam and Nairobi. (Kenya) 1998: Clinton bombs terrorist camps night before an Impeachment vote in house of representatives.

1999: Bombing attempt LAX

September 11, 2001

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

After 9/11 n n n Patriot Act: 1. More power to search and detain. 2. Torture for info. ? 3. Rendition Airport Security: Profiling? ? ?

After 9/11 n n n 2001 -2002: Remove Taliban from AF. 2003: Remove Saddam Hussein from Iraq b/c terrorist links and WMD were never found and Bush was accused of lying.

Update to Mideast conflict