PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Chapter 1 2 Three Dimensional

PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture Copyright © 2011 Thames & Hudson

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Three Dimensional Art § Three-dimensional works u Have height, width, and depth u Pyramids are an example u Possess four of the visual elements: form, volume, mass, and texture 1. 28 Three dimensions: height, width, and depth Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Form § Shapes are flat; forms are three-dimensional § Scale refers to the size of an object § Forms have two fundamental attributes: volume and mass u Volume is the amount of space a form occupies u Mass is the expression of solidity § Texture is the sensation of touching u Artists sometimes evoke our memory of touch § Materials can communicate ideas Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

1. 29 Great Sphinx of Giza, c. 2650 BCE, Giza, Egypt

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Geometric Form § Regular forms, readily expressible in words or numbers u Cubes, spheres, cylinders, cones, and pyramids are simple examples Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

1. 30 Great Pyramid of Khufu, c. 2560 BCE, Giza, Egypt

PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture Video: The Pyramids of Giza Click the image above to launch the video Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

1. 31 David Smith, Cubi XIX, 1964. Stainless steel, 113¼ x 21⅝ x 20⅝”

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Organic Form § Organic forms are derived from living things § Irregular and unpredictable § Can be used for expressive effect Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

1. 32 Vesperbild (Pietà), Middle Rhine region, c. 1330. Wood, 34½” high. Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Bonn, Germany

1. 33 Lino Tagliapietra, Batman, 1998. Glass, 11½ x 15½ x 3½”

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Form in Relief and in the Round § A relief is a work in which forms project from a flat surface § It is designed to be viewed from one side only § A form in the round can be seen from all sides Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

1. 34 Imperial Procession, from the Ara Pacis Augustae, 13 BCE. Marble altar. Museo dell’Ara Pacis, Rome, Italy

1. 35 Stela with supernatural scene, Mexico or Guatemala, 761 CE. Limestone, 92 x 42 x 3”. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Volume § Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object § Architectural forms usually enclose a volume of interior space to be used for living or working 1. 36 Volume and mass Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Open Volume § When artists enclose a space with materials that are not completely solid, they create an open volume Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

1. 37 a Ralph Helmick and Stuart Schechter, Ghostwriter, 1994. Cast metal/stainless cable, 36 x 8 x 10’. Evanston Public Library, Illinois

1. 37 b Detail of Ghostwriter

1. 38 Vladimir Tatlin, Model for Monument to the Third International, 1919

1. 39 Carol Mickett and Robert Stackhouse, In the Blue (Crest), 2008. Painted cypress, 24 x 108 x 11’. Installation at St. Petersburg Art Center, Florida

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Mass § Mass suggests that something is solid and occupies space § Our perception of mass is derived from our imagination, our previous experience with smaller objects, and our understanding of the forces of nature § Mass can suggest weight in a three-dimensional object § Mass does not necessarily imply heaviness, only that a volume is solid and occupies space Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

1. 40 Colossal Head, Olmec, 1500– 1300 BCE. Basalt. Museo de Antropología, Veracruz, Mexico

1. 41 Rachel Whiteread, House, 1993. Concrete. Bow, London, England (demolished 1994)

1. 42 Marisol (Escobar), Father Damien, 1969. Bronze, State Capitol Building, Honolulu, Hawaii

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Texture § Texture is the tactile sensation we experience when we physically encounter a three-dimensional form § When we think of texture, we mostly rely on the impressions we receive from our hands § When we look at a surface we can imagine how its texture feels Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

1. 43 Nam June Paik, TV Buddha, 1974. Closed-circuit video installation with bronze sculpture, monitor, and video camera, dimensions vary with installation. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands

1. 44 Méret Oppenheim, Object, 1936. Fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon, 2⅞” high. MOMA, New York

1. 45 Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, 1997, Bilbao, Spain

1. 46 Louise Bourgeois, Maman, 1999 (cast 2001). Bronze, stainless steel, and marble, 29’ 4⅜” x 32’ 9⅛ x 38’ 1”. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Conclusion § Three-dimensional art is expressed in height, width, and depth § Forms can be geometric or organic § Volume is the amount of space occupied by the form § Mass is the impression that the volume is solid and occupies space § The surface of the form can be described in terms of its texture § Artists can use the language of three-dimensional art to express many ideas and emotions Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS This concludes the Power. Point slide set for Chapter 1. 2 Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts By Debra J. De. Witte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields Copyright © 2011 Thames & Hudson Power. Points developed by Creative. Myndz Multimedia Studios

Chapter 1. 2 Three Dimensional Art: Form, Volume, Mass, and Texture PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS Picture Credits for Chapter 1. 28 Ralph Larmann 1. 29, 1. 30 Photo Heidi Grassley © Thames & Hudson Ltd, London 1. 31 Photo courtesy the Marlborough Gallery Inc. , New York. © Estate of David Smith/DACS, London/VAGA, New York 2011 1. 32 Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Bonn 1. 33 Photo Russell Johnson. Courtesy Lino Tagliapietra, Inc. 1. 34 Museo dell’Ara Pacis, Rome 1. 35 Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Museum Purchase, Gift of Mrs Paul Wattis 1999, 42 a-k 1. 36 Ralph Larmann 1. 37 a, 1. 37 b Photo Clements/Howcroft, MA, USA. Courtesy the artists 1. 38 Photo Nationalmuseum, Stockholm 1. 39 Photo Andrew Hawthorne. Courtesy the artists 1. 40 Photo Irmgard Groth-Kimball © Thames & Hudson Ltd, London 1. 41 Photo Sue Ormerod. © Rachel Whiteread. Courtesy Gagosian Gallery, London 1. 42 © Marisol, DACS, London/VAGA, New York 2011 1. 43 Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam 1. 44 Museum of Modern Art, New York, Purchase, Acc. no. 130. 1946. a-c. Photo 2011, Museum of Modern Art, New York/Scala, Florence. © DACS 2011 1. 45 © Romain Cintract/Hemis/Corbis 1. 46 © Louise Bourgeois Trust/DACS, London/VAGA, New York 2011 Power. Points developed by Creative. Myndz Multimedia Studios