Part 1 Diabetes 101 What Happens When I

Part 1: Diabetes 101

What Happens When I Eat? Food is broken down into glucose Glucose = Sugar Pancreas makes insulin and helps move glucose in the blood into cells Glucose helps the cells produce energy Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes

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What’s the Difference? Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes

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What is A 1 C? • A 1 C gives the you the average blood glucose over a 3 month period, but mostly in the past 30 days • Since this is an AVERAGE, it only represents the middle ground • You could be having really HIGH blood glucose and really LOW blood glucose

How is Diabetes Diagnosed? Diabetes - A 1 C > 6. 5% - Fasting glucose >126 - 2 hrs after meal >200 - Random glucose >200 with symptoms of high blood sugar Pre Diabetes - A 1 C 5. 7 -6. 4% - Fasting glucose 100 -125 Normal - A 1 C < 5. 7% - Fasting glucose < 100

Signs of HIGH Blood Sugar • Frequent urination • Increased thirst • Hunger • Blurred vision • Fatigue • Headache Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes

Signs of LOW Blood Sugar • Heart palpitations • Shakiness • Anxiety • Sweating • Hunger • Tingling sensation • Weakness • Sleepiness • Dizziness Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes

Treating a LOW: Rule of 15 • Check your blood sugar!!! • If your blood glucose is LESS than 80: – Eat/drink 15 grams of sugar » 4 oz of Orange Juice » 4 oz of REGULAR Soda » Chew 3 -4 Lifesaver Candies » 3 Glucose Tablets » 1 Tube of Glucose Gel • Recheck your blood sugar in 15 minutes and repeat until blood glucose is greater than 80

Why Should I Monitor BG? • Damage to the body’s cells occur when blood sugars are ABOVE 180 constantly • It gives you an idea of what happens on a daily basis with your blood sugar • It helps YOU manage your diabetes

Goals & Treatments

Goals for Diabetes • Based on the 2015 Guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA): – A 1 C: < 7% – Fasting Sugar: 80 -130 – 2 -hours after meal sugar: < 180 – LDL “Bad Cholesterol”: < 100 – Blood Pressure: < 140/90

Treatment Options • Oral medications and injectable medications • Sometimes you may need to take more than one medication because they work in different areas of the body

Medications That Work in the Liver • Examples: – Glucophage® (metformin) Take with FOOD! – Actos® (pioglitazone) – Januvia® (sitagliptin) – Onglyza® (saxagliptin) – Tradjenta® (linagliptin)

Medications That Work in the Pancreas • Examples: – Micronase® (glyburide), Amaryl® (glimepiride), Glucotrol® (glipizide) – Starlix® (Nateglinide), Prandin® (repaglinide) Take 15 -30 min before meals BUT you MUST eat to prevent low blood sugar

Medications That Work in the Muscle • Examples: – Glucophage® (metformin) – Actos® (pioglitazone)

Medications That Work in the Stomach • Examples: – Victoza ®, Byetta ®, and Bydureon ® (Injectables) Take Byetta 30 -60 minutes before meals – Januvia® (sitagliptin), Onglyza® (saxagliptin), and Tradjenta® (linagliptin)

Insulin • Provides the body with insulin which helps bring glucose into the cell and decreases your blood sugar • Examples: – Long Acting • Lantus, Levemir – Short or Rapid Acting (Meal Time Insulin) • Humalog, Novolog, Apidra Make sure you EAT!!!!!

What Can I Do To Manage My Diabetes? • • Follow-up with your doctor at least 1 x/year Attend regular check ups with your doctor Take medications properly Eat right and exercise Monitor blood sugar! Comprehensive eye exam and foot exam yearly Check feet daily Flu vaccine yearly