parental bond measure scores high scores on care
parental bond measure scores ² high scores on care and low on overprotection are good; extreme scores care aren’t necessarily ideal ² in fact what is judged as “ideal” will vary somewhat from person to person ² average scores typically are around 23 - 27 for care & 12 - 15 for overprotection Parker G et al A parental bonding instrument Br J Med Psychol 1979; 52: 1 -10 optimal bonding affectionate constraint average mother average father absent/weak bonding affectionless control overprotection
bond scores & depression ² replication at Yale, USA with 418 GP patients ² maternal optimal bonding care scores can usefully be considered as care >27, overprotection <13. 5 ² paternal optimal bonding scores involve care >24, overprotection <12. 5 Plantes MM et al Parental representations of depressed outpatients from a USA sample J Affect Disord 1988; 15: 149 -55 optimal bonding mother father affectionless control overprotection
bond scores & depression ² 37 depressed patients were compared with controls ² a care score of <10 from one or both parents was found in 32% of patients and only 3% of controls ² optimal bonding - high care & low control from one or both parents was found in 32% of patients and 62% of controls care score <10 low care high control high care low control
low care/high control toxicity the increased risk of those in the affectionless control quadrant developing various psychiatric disorders: Parker G Parental overprotection: a risk factor in psychosocial development ph hiz re o ni a sc ph or ob aia ag s ph oci ob al ia a ne nxi ur ety os is de neu pr ro es tic sio n increased depressive risk after major life event 4. 0 -6. 5 de bip pr ola es r sio n New York, NY: Grune and Stratton, 1983
toxic to interpersonal competence childhood “affectionless control” toxic to interpersonal competence adult psychological suffering Rodgers B Reported parental behaviour and adult affective symptoms 1. Associations and moderating factors & 2. Mediating factors Psychol Med 1996; 26: 51 -61 & 63 -77
but some unawareness of effects ü a random sample of 1, 516 NZ women ü they were asked about sexual/physical abuse ü % who were “cases” on GHQ 28 identified ü no evidence of healing with passage of time ü women underestimated the effects of the abuse % scoring at >4 on GHQ 28 no se u ab ild ch ual x se ult l d a ua x se ult al d a sic y ph Mullen PE, Romans-Clarkson SE, Walton VA & Herbison GP Impact of sexual and physical abuse on women’s mental health Lancet 1988; i: 841 -45
- Slides: 6