Paraphrase Be different yet the same Our Objectives

Paraphrase Be different, yet the same

Our Objectives: At the end of the session, students must be able to: 1) detail the steps in paraphrasing; 2) critique sample paraphrases; and 3) write acceptable paraphrases.

Paraphrase at a glance “rewrites the passage; but it presents the exact meaning or intention of the selection, and explains if necessary, what the original passage did not state so plainly”

Techniques for Paraphrasing 1. Change a word from one part of speech to another. 2. Use synonyms. 3. Change numbers and percentages to different forms. 4. Change word order (e. g. , change from active to passive voice and move modifiers to different positions.

Techniques for Paraphrasing 5. Use different definition structures. 6. Use different attribution signals. 7. Change the sentence structure, and use different connecting words. 8. Do not change key terms or proper nouns.

Read the original text in the next slide, then evaluate the acceptability of the three paraphrase versions that follow. HOMEWORK

ORIGINAL TEXT “Deterritorialization (displacement, dislocation or “not being home”) is what one feels when one becomes cognizant or his/her not being of the acceptable mold, of his/her not having an identity (i. e. , ‘all-America’) which is reserved only for white Americans of European origins in spite of the rhetoric of American democracy and pluralism. Deterritorialization accompanies the realization that a non -white can never ‘feel at home’ in the US unless he/she accepts the hegemonic culture’s repressive and oppressive processes as it tries to erase differences. ” (Excerpt from Short Circuit: Expatriate Themes in Philippine Poetry in English) by Jose Wendell P. Capili as cited in Figuera-Lucero and Moya. Torrecampo, 1999)

A Deterritorialization (displacement, dislocation or ‘not being home’) is what someone feels when someone becomes aware of his or her not being of the acceptable shape, of his or her not having a name (i. e. ‘all. American’) which is reserved only for fair Americans of European roots in spite of the beauty of American rule of the people and multiplicity. Deterritorialization accompanies the insight that a black can never ‘feel at home’ in the US unless he or she accepts the dominant culture’s suppressive and unfair processes as it tries to blot out dissimilarities.

B When a person feels displaced, dislocated or ‘not home, ’ s/he feels deterritorialized. Deterritorialization is the word used to define the feeling of being out of place. Deterritorialization happens when a person becomes aware of his/her being different from the acceptable ‘all-American’ image and of his/her not having an ‘all-American’ identity. Even if there is a general belief in (but not necessarily practice of) equality in an American democratic society which is made up of people of different races and nationalities, the all-American identity and physical or cultural indicators of these are reserved only for white Americans whose families trace their roots to European origins. Deterritorialization, or the sense of losing or having no place in one’s society, is felt when one realizes that a person with no European. American parentage can never feel s/he is a part of the US society. He/she realizes that s/he will continue to feel out of place unless s/he accepts the subduing and dominating ways through which the more powerful culture tries to remove cultural difference.

C Displacement, dislocation or not being home is what we might feel when we accept our not being molded like Americans (that is, ‘all-American’ looks such as being blonde, blue-eyed, fair-skinned, and tall), which is only for white Americans of European origins in spite of the lie that America is a free and pluralistic society. Displacement comes side by side with the awareness that members of the Negroid or Mongoloid race can never feel at home in the US unless we accept the more dominant culture’s unhealthy and inhumane processes as it tries to erase other races different from it from the face of the earth.

Acceptable or Unacceptable? Reason Paraphrase A Unacceptable Taking too much from the original to the point of plagiarizing; Merely substituted synonyms; No significant changes in sentence structure Paraphrase B Acceptable Paraphrase C Unacceptable Restated the original text using different words and sentence structures; Retained the meaning and tone of the original Restatement is inaccurate, filled with interpretation, judgments, and erroneous details

Definition PARAPHRASE PRECIS § using your own words to § restates in your own words explain the source's only the author's main ideas, argument, following its omitting all the examples, line of reasoning and its evidence, illustrations, sequence of ideas supporting points § alters the wording of the § insists on an exact passage without changing reproduction of the logic, its meaning organization, and emphasis of the original texts

Purpose PARAPHRASE PRECIS - to convey the meaning of the original text and, in doing so, to prove that you understand the passage well enough to restate it - to represent the focus and emphasis of a relatively large amount of material in an efficient and concise form

Example: Precis for the long text (13) We also recall that science fiction and futuristic books have long fired up the dreams and imagination of many generations of humanity. Scientists have been inspired to make the fantasy of scientific gadgets and robots described in these books a reality. Today, writers continue to capture our imagination because so much of what was imagined then has actually come true! We can think of creative books such as H. G. Well’s The Time Machine, Jules Verne’s Voyage to the Center of the Earth, Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland, and TV shows like Dick Tracy and Gene Rodenberry’s Star Trek, which all provided important ideas for scientific development.

ASSESS YOUR HOMEWORK.

Suggested Precis: Concepcion (2005) noted that a wealth of inspiration has emerged from science fiction and futuristic books, which themes were bridged from fantasy to reality by many scientists. Works of authors like Jules Verne and Gene Rodenberry continue to spur our creativity in science.

Example: Paraphrase for these lines: Scientists have been inspired to make the fantasy of scientific gadgets and robots described in these books a reality. Today, writers continue to capture our imagination because so much of what was imagined then has actually come true! “Science fiction and futuristic books, ” with their fantasy themes that often highlight cutting-edge gadgets and robots, have been successful in _____ scientific ideas and discoveries. In fact, some of the ideas which began in the world of literature have now ______ (Concepcion, 2005).

TIME FOR MCQS!

A- ACCEPTABLE B- UNACCEPTABLE It is imagination and creativity tempered with discipline and analytical prowess that translate to significant strides in science. It is inventiveness and ingenuity moderated with self-control and methodical ability that enables important leaps in science.

A- ACCEPTABLE B- UNACCEPTABLE Young researchers should seek out good and kind mentors. These mentors will guide them well by their examples and encourage them to pursue higher academic degrees and more advanced technical training. Mentors should be sought by budding scientists and hopefully, their relationship may further the ideals of a just and advanced society.

A- ACCEPTABLE B- UNACCEPTABLE A truly creative researcher is one who will deviate from or expand the work of his mentor and pursue his own interests, while an uncreative researcher will continue to do his mentor’s work without variation or innovation. A researcher is said to be creative if he/she is able to chart his own research path, independent of his/her mentor’s interests. Otherwise, he/she may fail at innovation.

THINK-GROUP-SHARE

ORIGINAL TEXT Westerners view creativity more in terms of the individual attributes of a creative person, such as their aesthetic taste, while Asians view creativity more in terms of the social influence of creative people, such as what they can contribute to society. Source: Niu, 2006 (A cross-cultural research)

Did you hit bull’s eye? A cross-cultural research by Niu (2006) revealed that people from the West and the East have different conceptions of creativity. For the Westerners, creativity emerges more from distinct creative traits of a person, which includes one’s aesthetic preference and standards. On the other hand, Asians’ perspective on creativity takes on a more social dimension, as it considers how creative people can influence and impact society.

ORIGINAL TEXT Buddhist monks who do compassion meditation have been shown to modulate their amygdala, nuclei located within the temporal lobes of the brain. Increased activity in the amygdala following meditation may contribute to social connectedness. Source: Hutcherson, 2008

Did you hit bull’s eye? The extent to which we connect and actually engage with others may have been influenced by the amygdala, a portion of the brain within the temporal lobes. This was the conclusion in a study of Buddhist monks who perform compassion meditation. Hutcherson (2008) further reports that meditation enabled the monks to modulate the amygdala.

BUBBLES FUN!

HOMEWORK: Read this article: https: //www. brainpickings. org/2014/01/2 9/carol-dweck-mindset/ Study how the paragraphs are formed.

References: Center for Writers Putting things in your own words Retrieved from http: //www. cameron. edu/~carolynk/own_words. html Integrating Sources. Techniques for Paraphrasing. (2009). Retrieved from learningcommons. sfu. ca. Principles of Paraphrasing: How to Avoid Inadvertent Plagiarism in Three Easy Modules. (n. d. ) Retrieved August 19, 2013, from http: //gseacademic. harvard. edu/~instruct/gutman_library/parap hrasing/module 1/player. html Paraphrase. (2010). In Merriam-Webster online Dictionary. Retrieved August 19, 2013, from http: //www. merriamwebster. com/dictionary/paraphrase Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting. (n. d. ) Retrieved August 19, 2013, from https: //student. unsw. edu. au/paraphrasingsummarising-and-quoting