Parameter tuning Tuning parameters Establishment rate Mortality Tuning

Parameter tuning

Tuning parameters Establishment rate Mortality Tuning method So that these two distribution can be expresed Mortality Tree density DBH* class *DBH: Diameter at Breast Height

Size structure Total biomass Competition among size class Mortality Tree density DBH class Growth rate for each DBH class Most fundamental properties of the production and dynamics can be captured by this method

Tuning results Boreal needle-leaved evergreen wood Observed Shiretoko 1 (1. 25 ha, 6 yrs) Shiretoko 2 (2. 25 ha, 6 yrs) Mortality Tree density (prop. per year) (N per ha) DBH class (5 cm interval) Simulated (0. 09 ha× 20)

Tuning results Temperete broad-leaved evergreen wood Observed South Kyushu 1 (0. 44 ha, 5 yrs) South Kyushu 2 (1 ha, 5 yrs) Mortality Tree density (prop. per year) (N per ha) DBH class (5 cm interval) Simulated (0. 09 ha, 300 yrs)

Preliminary Results

Simulation sites South Kyushu Shiretoko Annual mean temp. 18. 2 c Annual precipitation 1197 mm Annual mean temp. 7. 3 c Annual precipitation 769 mm

Changes in Leaf Area Index (annual maximum in m 2 m-2) @ Shiretoko Woody PFTs Grass PFTs @ Kumamoto Woody PFTs Grass PFTs 1~500 yr simulation

Changes in carbon pool (Kg Carbon m-2) @ Shiretoko Soil Tree biomass Grass biomass Tree biomass @ Kumamoto Soil Grass biomass 1~500 yr simulation

Changes in annual NEP (g Carbon m-2 year-1) carbon uptake carbon emission @ Shiretoko carbon uptake carbon emission @ Kumamoto 1~500 yr simulation