Paradoxes of quantum and statistical mechanics Dr Kupervasser

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Paradoxes of quantum and statistical mechanics. Dr. Kupervasser Oleg

Paradoxes of quantum and statistical mechanics. Dr. Kupervasser Oleg

Contradiction between second law of thermodynamics and reversible laws of • • classical physics.

Contradiction between second law of thermodynamics and reversible laws of • • classical physics. Second law of thermodynamics: Macroscopic Entropy (Coarsened Microscopic entropy) of closed isolated system can only increases and achieves its maximum in thermodynamics equilibrium state. Microscopic entropy is always constant in classical physics but Macroscopic Entropy can increases and also decreases. Poincare’s Paradox Zermelo’s Paradox

Four main components of full system. • Observed system (microscopic, mesoscopic or macroscopic) •

Four main components of full system. • Observed system (microscopic, mesoscopic or macroscopic) • Surround medium • Observer + memory

Macroscopic entropy increasing paradox resolution. • Definition of time arrow in Macroscopic entropy increasing

Macroscopic entropy increasing paradox resolution. • Definition of time arrow in Macroscopic entropy increasing direction. • For observed system: Synchronization of time arrow of observed system with time arrow of surround memory and observer time arrow is a result of small uncontrolled interaction and instability of decreasing entropy processes. • For a full system: impossibility of selfobservation (impossibility of self-observation of returns). Memory erasing during returns.

Contradiction between reduction of wave function and Schrodinger law (Unitary evolution) of quantum mechanics.

Contradiction between reduction of wave function and Schrodinger law (Unitary evolution) of quantum mechanics. • Microscopic entropy is constant under Schrodinger law but increases under reduction. • Schrodinger cat paradox as illustration of wave function reduction paradox.

Four main components of full system. • Observed system (microscopic, mesoscopic or macroscopic) •

Four main components of full system. • Observed system (microscopic, mesoscopic or macroscopic) • Surround medium • Observer + memory

Schrodinger cat paradox resolution. • For a observed system: reduction happens because of non

Schrodinger cat paradox resolution. • For a observed system: reduction happens because of non closed character of system: 1) small uncontrolled interaction with surround medium (decoherence process) 2) necessary for measurement interaction with observer • For a full system: reduction happens because of impossibility of self-observation (selfobservation of returns). Memory erasing during returns.

Analogy between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM). • Similarity in paradoxes resolution •

Analogy between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM). • Similarity in paradoxes resolution • Analogy between reduction process and “molecular chaos hypothesis” (MCH) F(x 1, x 2)=F(x 1)*F(x 2): 1) Nondiagonal elements of density matrix in QM and correlations in CM dissapearing 2) Entropy increasing • Main Difference between QM and CM: It is not probabilistic character of QM. Observation in QM is impossible without some small interaction even for macroscopic system. In CM it is possible. Definition of same uncontrolled small interaction in CM make this difference unimportant. CM in this case is also probabilistic.

Real and ideal dynamics. • Impossibility of full description for observed and full system.

Real and ideal dynamics. • Impossibility of full description for observed and full system. • Microscopic and macroscopic variables and master equations (obtained by reduction or MCH): Real and ideal dynamics • Unfalsifiability (in Karl Popper’s sense) of difference between Real and ideal dynamics for full system • Practical Unfalsifiability of difference between Real and ideal dynamics for observed system

Unpredictable dynamics. • Quantum computers as example of Unpredictable dynamics for external observer which

Unpredictable dynamics. • Quantum computers as example of Unpredictable dynamics for external observer which doesn’t know initial state. Mesoscopic isolated systems • Mesoscopic Classical systems with returns as analogy of Quantum computers. Mesoscopic fluctuations. • Open Living systems as example of Unpredictable dynamics. Very unstable correlation inside of organism and with outside world in CM (or nondiagonal terms of density matrix in QM) conserved by metabolism processes. • Phase transition (bifurcation points)