PARADIGM SHIFT A SLATE OF NEW AUTOMATION PLATFORMS

PARADIGM SHIFT: A SLATE OF NEW AUTOMATION PLATFORMS ADDRESS CURRENT AND FUTURE LIBRARY REALITIES Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http: //www. librarytechnology. org/ http: //twitter. com/mbreeding 17 April 2012 Mm. IT National Conference

Abstract The operations of libraries focus on ever increasing proportions and electronic and digital content relative to print materials. The structure of the legacy library management systems that dominated the last three or more decades of library automation was rooted in print, though some products have evolved better than others to accommodate modern content formats. The established worldview that libraries can rely on one set of automation tools for print and another set for managing digital collections and electronic subscriptions is in danger of collapse in favor of library services platforms that aim toward a more unified approach to resource management. Breeding will provide an overview of the new library automation products now emerging and how they differ amongst themselves and from traditional library management systems. He will also provide information on the development progress of each of these new products and any trends relative to their adoption in libraries and forecast their longer term impact on the library automation industry.

Library Technology Guides w b i l. ww e t y rar o. y g o l o n ch

Lib-web-cats Technology Profile

Koha Libraries Worldwide

Lib-web-cats extended for RFID Products

Lib-web-cats tech profile

ILS Turnover Report

ILS Turnover Report -- Reverse

Mergers andhttp: //www. librarytechnology. org/automationhistory. pl Acquisitions

International Perceptions Survey http: //www. librarytechnology. org/perceptions 2011. pl

Library Journal Automation Marketplace Published annually in April 1 issue Based on data provided by each vendor Focused primarily on North America Context market of global library automation

LJ Automation Marketplace Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts, minds and tech dollars 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

Agents of Change… As development efforts near completion on a new slate of automation products, vendors are beginning to pull out all the stops to monetize them. A new round of competition is heating up to place these new products in libraries, replacing their own legacy products and aiming to displace those of other companies.

Recent ILS Industry Contracts Company Product OCLC World. Share Management Services Innovative Interfaces Sierra Ex Libris Alma Sirsi. Dynix Symphony Innovative Interfaces, Millennium Inc. The Library Corporation Library. Solution Ex Libris Aleph VTLS Inc. Virtua Polaris Library Systems Polaris ILS Biblionix Apollo By. Water Solutions Koha PTFS Lib. Lime Academic Koha PTFS Lib. Lime Koha Equinox Software Evergreen 2009 2010 45 8 126 39 30 47 18 33 55 7 43 39 22 23 87 44 18 44 15 2011 184 206 24 122 32 48 25 13 53 79 54 7 27 21

Appropriate Automation Infrastructure Current automation products out of step with current realities Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content Majority of automation efforts support print activities Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure New discovery solutions help with access to econtent Library users expect more engaging socially aware interfaces for Web and mobile

“Paradigm Shift” Thomas S. Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Properly used to describe the major transitions such as that from the Ptolemaic view to that of Copernicus Used less properly to designate less grand shifts in science, culture, or technology

Transition to Web-scale Technologies Web-scale: a characterization or marketing tag that denotes a comprehensive, highly-scalable, globally shared model Web-scale: One of the key characteristics of emerging library management and discovery services Displaces applications or data models targeting individual libraries in isolation Discovery: index-based search Management: Library Services Platforms

New-generation Library Management

Cloud Computing Major trend in Information Technology Term “in the cloud” has devolved into marketing hype, but cloud computing in the form of multi-tenant software as a service offers libraries opportunities to break out of individual silos of automation and engage in widely shared cooperative systems Opportunities for libraries to leverage their combined efforts into large-scale systems with more end-user impact and organizational efficiencies

Fundamental technology shift Mainframe computing Client/Server Cloud Computing http: //www. flickr. com/photos/carrick/61952845/ http: //soacloudcomputing. blogspot. com/2008/10/cloud-computing. html http: //www. javaworld. com/javaworld/jw-10 -2001/jw-1019 -jxta. html

Library Automation in the Cloud Almost all library automation vendors offer some form of “cloud-based” services Server management moves from library to Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription payment � Offsets local server purchase and maintenance � Offsets some local technology support

Software as a Service Multi Tennant Saa. S is the modern approach � One Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces � No copy of the code base serves multiple sites workstation clients Upgrades and fixes deployed universally � Usually in small increments

Data as a service Saa. S provides opportunity for highly shared data models World. Cat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central Knowledge. Works database of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions products General opportunity to move away from library-bylibrary metadata management to globally shared workflows

Leveraging the Cloud Moving legacy systems to hosted services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall.

Is the status quo sustainable? ILS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and campus Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) Open. URL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, Digi. Tool, etc. ) Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc. ) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Integrated (for print) Library System Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores Circulation BIB Cataloging Holding / Items Acquisitions Circ Transact User Serials Vendor Online Catalog $$$ Funds Policies

LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Staff Interfaces: Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions. Serials Online Protocols: CORE ` E-resource License Procurement. Management Catalog BIB Holding Circ $$$ User Vendor Policies / Items. Transact Funds E-Journal Vendors Titles License Terms

Common approach for ERM Staff Interfaces: Public Interfaces: Budget License Terms Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions. Serials Online Catalog Titles / Holdings Vendors BIB Holding Circ $$$ User Vendor Policies / Items. Transact Funds Access Details

Comprehensive Resource Management No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials ILS + ERM + Open. URL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

Libraries need a new model of library automation Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections Other library automation products evolved: Electronic Resource Management Systems – Open. URL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services Services Service oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Library Services Platform Characteristics Highly Shared data models Knowledgebase architecture Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores Delivered through software as a service Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX New structures not yet invented Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

Beyond the legacy Library Management System Find a new term for the successor to the LMS Library Management System now viewed as print-centric Need to designate a name for the new genre of automation products

Open Systems Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies Libraries need to do more with their data Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies Demand for Interoperability Open source – full access to internal program of the application Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

New Library Management Model Search: Unified Presentation Layer Library Services Platform API Layer ` Stock Managemen t Enterprise Resource Planning Learning Managemen t Digital Coll ry Consolidated ve index e co ic is v D Ser Self-Check / Automated Return Pro. Que st EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resourc es Smart Cad / Payment systems Authenticati on Service

Library Services Platforms Category Responsible Organization Key precepts World. Share Alma Managemen t Services OCLC. Ex Libris Intota Global network-level approach to management and discovery. Knowledgeb ase driven. Pure multitenant Saa. S Consolidate workflows, unified manageme nt: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model Serials Solutions Sierra Services Platform Innovative Interfaces, Inc Kuali OLE Serviceoriented architecture Technology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure Kuali Foundation

Development Schedule World. Share Alma Management Services General Release in July 2011 38 now in production Intota Development Phase I: Late partners now in 2012; in Release 5 Libraries in General production by Release 2014 expected mid -2012 Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE Phase 1: Mid 2012 with full Millennium functionality; subsequent phases that expand model Version 1. 0 expected Dec 2012 Partners begin migration in 2013

Development Resources Company Ex Libris Follett Software Company Innovative Interfaces, Inc. Sirsi. Dynix Corporation Serials Solutions Axiell The Library Corporation Polaris Library Systems VTLS Inc. Dev Sup Sales Admin Other Total 170 87 83 84 80 57 39 27 24 231 143 158 166 50 66 91 42 48 54 86 43 51 46 34 28 15 12 44 49 24 23 4 35 13 2 8 13 0 3 56 57 34 28 18 512 365 311 380 237 226 199 86 110 By. Water Solutions Catalyst IT 3 3 12 3 3 1 13 Bib. Libre 4 3 Koha Total (estimated) 15

Development / Deployment perspective Beginning of a new cycle of transition Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

Recent ILS Industry Contracts Company Product OCLC World. Share Management Services Innovative Interfaces Sierra Ex Libris Alma Sirsi. Dynix Symphony Innovative Interfaces, Millennium Inc. The Library Corporation Library. Solution Ex Libris Aleph VTLS Inc. Virtua Polaris Library Systems Polaris ILS Biblionix Apollo By. Water Solutions Koha PTFS Lib. Lime Academic Koha PTFS Lib. Lime Koha Equinox Software Evergreen 2009 2010 45 8 126 39 30 47 18 33 55 7 43 39 22 23 87 44 18 44 15 2011 184 206 24 122 32 48 25 13 53 79 54 7 27 21

Competing Models of Library Automation Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, � BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra. se � LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, Open. Galaxy � Traditional Open Source ILS � Evergreen, Koha New generation Library Services Platforms Ex Libris Alma � Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud) � OCLC World. Share Management Services, � Serials Solutions Intota � Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving) �

A New Generation of Resource Discovery

Online Catalog ILS Data Search: Scope of Search Results Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects

Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface Single search box Query tools Scope of Search Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Relevance ranked results Level Faceted navigation Other local and open Enhanced visual displays access content Cover art Not in scope: Did you mean Type-ahead Summaries, reviews, Articles Recommendation services Book Chapters Digital objects

Discovery Interface search model ILS Data Search: Local Index Digital Collections Pro. Quest Search Results Meta. Search Engine EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

Discovery Products tec y r a r b i l. w w w / / : p t t h y. pl r e v o c s i d / rg o. y g o l o hn

Discovery from Local to Webscale Initial products focused on interface improvements Aqua. Browser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, Vu. Find, LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena Mostly locally-installed software Current phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery Primo Central (Ex Libris) Summon (Serials Solutions) World. Cat Local (OCLC) EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) Encore with Article Integration (no index, though)

Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data Search Results Consolidated Index Search: Digital Collections Pro. Quest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Challenge for Relevancy Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR Difficult to order records in ways that make sense Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings

Challenges for Collection Coverage To work effectively, discovery services need to cover comprehensively the body of content represented in library collections What about publishers that do not participate? Is content indexed at the citation or full-text level? What are the restrictions for non-authenticated users? How can libraries understand the differences in coverage among competing services?

Evaluating the Coverage of Indexbased Discovery Services Intense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone. Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service. Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full text Important to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher

Open Discovery Initiative NISO Work Group to Develop Standards and Recommended Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search Informal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011 Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny Walker o / Term: Dec 2011 – May 2013 s m / : p t ht / n. w /ww / g r o iso. o o r k wor

Open Discovery Initiative stakeholders Libraries: provide discovery services on behalf of their patrons Publishers: provide content to be indexed by discovery services Discovery Service Provides: develop discovery interfaces and populate indexes

ODI Project Goals: Identify … needs and requirements of the three stakeholder groups in this area of work. Create recommendations and tools to streamline the process by which information providers, discovery service providers, and librarians work together to better serve libraries and their users. Provide effective means for librarians to assess the level of participation by information providers in discovery services, to evaluate the breadth and depth of content indexed and the degree to which this content is made available to the user.

Convergence Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets Ex Libris: Primo / Alma Serials Solutions: Summon / Intota OCLC: World. Cat Local / World. Share Platform Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

Questions and discussion