PALEONTOLOGY INTRODUCTION OBSERVATION Technique 1 v v Field

PALEONTOLOGY INTRODUCTION

OBSERVATION Technique 1. v v Field observation a. Macro Fosill Because fossil macro has a large size, then in pengamatannya depending on the rock of the fossil macro is located. Serving fossil macro relatively easier than in the micro-fossil penyajiannya easily be conducted with the fossil that are recorded ago, after that can be directly dideskripsi megaskopis rock with the fossil are If the difficulties in the description in the field, then made a good documentation, including: rock sample, the place, no. Sample, etc. . After that, taken in the laboratory to analyze more Adjacent picture is an example of fossil macro-fossil found in the field

b. micro-fossil Because the micro-fossil has a very small size, so that the observation in the field difficult, so the observation in the field to focus more on the description of the rock in the field include: color rock, rock texture, structure and composition of rock megaskopis. Next is the complete recording locations place & sample batuannya, including: day, date, sample number, the name of rock etc. .

2. Laboratory Observations made in the laboratory for detailed analysis of the fossil can not be done in the field. Observations in this laboratory is primarily from fossil-fossil micro assistance with using the tool microscope. Adapaun stages observed in the laboratory will be described next

Scheme Analysis micro fossil Laboratory observation

TEKNIK DOKUMENTASION Here is the stages in the rock samples that contain micro-fossil, namely: 1. Sampling is taking rock samples in the field to analyze the actual mikrofaunanya. Micro fossil found in rock forming materials have a body shell and a different morphology, but almost all have one mikrofosil the same physical nature, namely the size is very small and sometimes very easily destroyed, so that need special treatment in The. It is necessary accuracy and attention in the sample, separate from other materials, and store them in a safe place and protected from damage and the chemical physics

Some of the sampling procedures in the different sedimentation Sequence can be done, such as: a. Spot Sampling, with a certain interval method is best to cut the thick litologi type with a uniform, as in the layer batugamping. In this method can be added channel sample (sample paritan) along approximately 30 cm on each 1. 5 meter interval. b. Channel sample, can be done on the track penampangg a short 3 - 5 m, litologi on a uniform or on the rock and perselingan made any changes litologi unit.

2 nd Quality Sampling v v v The rock sample for analysis mikropaleontologi must meet the following criteria: Net, before taking the sample must be cleaned of all the bits polluter Representative and Complete, should be clearly separated between the sample matrix, which represents an insertion or a layer of rock. Take about 300 -500 grams (hand specimen) rock samples that have been cleaned. Surely, if the sample terkemas well in a water-resistant packaging is marked with a waterproof any posts, which includes all the information about the sample as the sample number, location, type of rock and time, the results of sample analysis will surely benefit. Ketidakhati-hatian treat us in the rock sample will result in fatal or paleontology stratigrafi when being mixed, terkontaminasi or lost.

3 rd Type of Sample Type 2 sample types have here, namely: v The sample surface, the sample is taken directly from the outcrop observations in the field. Location & stratigrafinya can diplot position on the map. v The sample below the surface, the sample taken from a drilling. v v The withdrawal of the way, beneath the surface of the sample can be separated into: Bore core (core), all the layers at a certain depth is taken in full. The sample solution (Ditch-cutting), a layer of depth and destroyed pumped out, and then ditampung. Sample wimble side (side-well core), taken from the side-wall of the drill at the depth of a particular layer.

Tools and Materials - Equipment used in sampling, among others: Palu geologi Kompas geologi Plastics / where the sample Book notes field Writing tool 0. 1 N HCl Map of sampling locations

While other equipment in order to present the fossil, including: -Sample container - H 2 O 2 solution -Machine sieve -Mesh strainer according to the scale -Place the sample that has been cleaned -Tool dryer / oven And to separate the fossil, the necessary equipment, including: -Rock sample cup place -Needle -Unuk glue fossil gum -Place fossil -Microscope & torch tools

2. Micro Fosil v Because the micro-fossil found in the rock, so in serving fosilnya must be separated from the rock that is. Serving fossil micro stages include: v Rock disintegration process, including: rock disintegration (physics / chemistry), pengayakan & drying v The separation process of fossil v Determinasi fossil

ROCK DECOMPOTION PROCESS Fisically decomposer process This is used primarily for rock sediments that have not yet done so compact and with several stages, namely: Sediment rock ditumbuk with a hammer until a rubber-fraction with 3 -6 mm diamet Fraction fraction-rock soaked in water Then direas-remas in water Stirred confused with machine or a mixer tool clean Heated for 5 -10 minutes Cooled v Sediments rock are generally not very compact, when the processes will unravel.

The process of chemical decomposition Materials, chemical solvents used in the decomposition rock sediments are: acetate acid, acid and hydrogen nitrate piroksida. The use of chemical solvents is highly dependent of the types of grains forming the type of rock and cement. Thus, before the disintegration rock types should be inspected butirannya, the base and cement. This is done carefully so that the micro-fossil therein is not damaged or join together with dissolved substances used solvent Example: -. Batulempung and silt: matrix factorization is done using a solvent Hydrogen Pyroksida (H 2 O 2).

PENGAYAKAN PROCESS 3. Pengayakan Process Pengayakan basic process is that the fossil and other grain decomposition results divided into different groups based on size butirnya each of which is determined by the hole. However, note that not all have the form of a rounded grain, but there is also a long pass that can only be in the vertical position. Therefore, pengayakan must digoyang so so that the intended meaning with the large grains is a small diameter / smallest

Pengayakan can be done with the wet and dry: a. The dry v Dried whole rock samples that have been straggling v Enter sieve into the top of the sieve that has been structured according to the needs denagn v Shake machine run for 10 + minutes Examples of rock left behind in each sieve be pondered and inserted in the bottle / plastic rock sample b. The wet This is in principle similar to the way dry, but in general, using a small strainer. Pengayakan made in the water so the rock sample that still must be dried first

FOSIL SEPARATATION PROCESS Fossil fossil-separated from the other grain by using the needle. To maintain that the fossil has been separated is not lost, the saved fossil necessary in a safe place. Fossil After separation, the research of each fossil is done.

Filter with a. 30 - 80 - 100 mesh b. observation vessel mikrofosil c. Needle pengutik d. Slide cardboard (the German 40 x 25 mm) e. Slide carton (international model, 75 x 25 mm)

FOSSIL DETERMINATION Methods of Fossil determination, can be done in the ways 1. Comparing with the existing fossil collections 2. equate fossil, which is not yet known with pictures of the leteratur / publications 3. Mendeterminasi Jump fossil that has not been known to learn the characteristics morfologinya Combination 1. 2 and 3 Morphology of fossil dideterminasi each fossil is different, because this depends on the type of fossil morphology and characteristics of both body fossil macro & micro

MACRO FOSIL DETERMINATION Macro fosil determination, Including v 1. Fosil Sketches / pictures v 2. Model number v 3. Phylum v 4. Class v 5. Order v 6. Family v 7. Genus v 8. Species things : =. . .

MICRO FOSIL DETERMINATION Micro fosil determination, using the microscope, things observed: 1. Skets or pictures of fossil = …. 2. Number of media = …. 3. Fossil type = …. 4. Chamber order = …. 5. Chamber shape = …. 6. Sutur = …. 7. Composition = …. 8. Total chambers = …. 9. Total chamber rounds = …. 10. Aperture = …. 11. Hiasan = …. 12. Fossil name = ….