Paleolithic Social Structure Dr Green 6000 1 4

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Paleolithic Social Structure Dr. Green

Paleolithic Social Structure Dr. Green

6000 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37

6000 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 106 109 112 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 136 139 142 145 148 Interactions and Social Size 12000 10000 8000 People Interactions 4000 2000 0

Solutions • Hierarchy – Other apes • Networks – Paleolithic humans

Solutions • Hierarchy – Other apes • Networks – Paleolithic humans

Clique

Clique

Biology and Social Group Size • High brain-to-body mass ratio is related by the

Biology and Social Group Size • High brain-to-body mass ratio is related by the size and complexity of their social groups • Human brain-to-body mass ratio is large

Capuchin Monkeys They have the highest brain-to-body-size ratio of any primate other than people

Capuchin Monkeys They have the highest brain-to-body-size ratio of any primate other than people

Capuchin Monkeys • Highly social • Surrogate parenting • Social traditions – Innovative –

Capuchin Monkeys • Highly social • Surrogate parenting • Social traditions – Innovative – Learned – Parochial – Transient – Flexible • Testing social relation—fingers in the nose

Humans • Shift from Australopithecines to Homo – Increased sociality – Probably stone tools

Humans • Shift from Australopithecines to Homo – Increased sociality – Probably stone tools – Probably the first hunting • Sharing is a risk management strategy – Diversification – Increases the odds of a successful hunt • Coevolution of biology and egalitarianism

Egalitarianism • • Sharing, cooperation, consensus Low sexual dimorphism- shared parenting Fluidity of the

Egalitarianism • • Sharing, cooperation, consensus Low sexual dimorphism- shared parenting Fluidity of the microband Fission-fusion structure Networks Lack of fixed power structure Mutual suppport for others

Tribalism • Core social group=150 – 11175 interactions • Intimate group=12 – 66 interactions

Tribalism • Core social group=150 – 11175 interactions • Intimate group=12 – 66 interactions

Egalitarianism • Belonging to a group • Freedom • Treated as a person

Egalitarianism • Belonging to a group • Freedom • Treated as a person

Hierarchy • Developed highly in civilization • Hierarchy breaks down in hunting • Humans

Hierarchy • Developed highly in civilization • Hierarchy breaks down in hunting • Humans returns to egalitarianism when hierarchy breaks down – New Orleans – Hippies – Gangs

The Social Contract • This is what the State founds itself on. Precisely this

The Social Contract • This is what the State founds itself on. Precisely this kind of scenario. “Obey us, serve us, and we will protect you in times of catastrophe”; that is the social contract, that is the Faustian deal we strike with Leviathan. It is for that, that we sell ourselves to oppressors and tyrants, and shackle our lives, our futures, our souls to the will of the State. All we have asked in return is its protection from catastrophe. Now catastrophe has come, and the protection of the State is nowhere to be found--Jason Godesky

Relationships • Either both parties to the interaction are living or one is not

Relationships • Either both parties to the interaction are living or one is not – One is not in saprotropism in which an organism lives off of the dead – Both are living in • Antagonism in which one or both is/are harmed • Symbiosis in which one or both is/are helped • Neutralism in which neither is benefited nor harmed

Antagonisms • • • Parasitism – one type of organism is benefited and other

Antagonisms • • • Parasitism – one type of organism is benefited and other is harmed – Suitors Exploitation – one organism enslaves the other organism – Circe and Calypso Predation – one organism catches and kills the other type of organism and take it as food – Cyclopes and Laestrygonians Ammensalism or antibiosis – A by-product of one organism's activities harms the another, but no nutrition takes place – Sirens Competition – two organisms when living in a specific ecosystem compete with each other food and shelter – War

Symbiosis • Commensalism (hospitality) – One organism may be benefited – The other may

Symbiosis • Commensalism (hospitality) – One organism may be benefited – The other may remain neutral – No one is harmed • Mutualism (communities, such as families) – Both individuals are benefited by each other – Both are interdependent • Protocooperation (contracts) – Both the individuals are benefited by each other – They can also live independently

Neutralism • Two or more organisms live together • Neither is benefited nor harmed

Neutralism • Two or more organisms live together • Neither is benefited nor harmed • Strangers

Relationships • With gods • With humans • With sub-humans – Savages • With

Relationships • With gods • With humans • With sub-humans – Savages • With non-humans • Outside all relationships