Pala Environment People and Culture The People of

Pala: Environment, People, and Culture

The People of Pala Two main tribes: Luiseño and Cupeño

The People of Pala Two main tribes: Luiseño and Cupeño Pala Reservation est. for the Luiseño people of Pala by President Grant in 1875

The People of Pala Two main tribes: Luiseño and Cupeño Pala Reservation est. for the Luiseño people of Pala by President Grant in 1875 Joined by the Cupeño in 1903

The People of Pala Two main tribes: Luiseño and Cupeño Pala Reservation est. for the Luiseño people of Pala by President Grant in 1875 Joined by the Cupeño in 1903 Now considered one people: the Pala Band of Mission Indians

The People of Pala 10, 000 years in southern California

The People of Pala 10, 000 years in southern California Cupeño origins date to 1, 000 years BP; Luiseño culture may be twice as old

The People of Pala 10, 000 years in southern California Cupeño origins date to 1, 000 years BP; Luiseño culture may be twice as old The two cultures occupied the entire San Luis Rey River watershed

The People of Pala

The People of Pala

The People of Pala 1769: Father Junipero Serra and Gaspar de Portola establish the first California mission in San Diego

Wawam eki kupa, pal’antingve epaw’a pewenive, meqnivelim pemiyaxwenive. Your home is far away, Cupa, Hot Springs is your water, where it lies, where they were killed. - Cupeño origin story

Cupeño History

Cupeño History

Cupeño History

Cupeño History

The Removal from Cupa

The Removal from Cupa “You see that graveyard out there? There are our fathers and grandfathers. You see that Eagle-nest mountain and that Rabbit-hole mountain? When God made them, He gave us this place. We have always been here. We do not care for any other place…. We do not want any other home. ” - Cupeño leader Cecilio Blacktooth, March 17, 1902

The Removal from Cupa

The Removal from Cupa “People came from La Mesa, from Santa Ysabel, from Wilakal, from San Ignacio they came to see their relatives [to say goodbye]. They cried a lot. And they just threw our belongings, our clothes, into the carts, chairs, cups, plates. ” -Roscinda Nolasquez, last survivor of the removal

The Removal from Cupa

The Removal from Cupa

The Removal from Cupa

The Removal from Cupa

The Removal from Cupa

The Removal from Cupa

Pala. Today

Pala. Today

Pala. Today

Pala. Today

Pala Today

Environmental Issues Environmental Justice Water Air Habitat Solid Waste

The Gregory Canyon Landfill: Endangering Our Water

What is it? • A privately constructed and operated solid waste landfill • Operating for 30 Years; 1 Million Tons of Trash per Year • Closure another 30 years • Line bottom of landfill with double liner • Excavation of earthen materials to a depth just above groundwater

Where is it? • On the banks of the San Luis Rey River • On the border of the Pala Indian Reservation • Next to sacred Gregory Mountain and Medicine Rock

San Luis Rey River

Gregory Mountain (Chokla) Medicine Rock

Water Quality Concerns • • • Proximity to San Luis Rey River Perched over Groundwater Resource Leakage Concerns Seismic Stability Loss of Tributary to San Luis Rey River

Water Supply Concerns • Endangerment of Aqueducts • Groundwater Depletion • Groundwater Contamination

What can you do? • Join our mailing list at www. savegregorycanyon. com • Follow our Facebook page: www. facebook. com/Save. Gregory. Canyon • Make your voice heard at upcoming hearings • Tell your friends!