Pakistans Market Access Initiative Challenges and Opportunities By

Pakistan’s Market Access Initiative Challenges and Opportunities By Ms. Humaira Zia Mufti Ministry of Commerce 28 th August 2005 1 1

Policy Focus Domestic Dimension ² Strengthen the Production Bases ² Improve Quality ² Ensure Compliance ² Enhance Design Capabilities ² Develop Human Resource with reference to Technical Skills ² Provide volumes for achieving Economies of Scale. Cont’d. . 2 2

Cont’d…. Policy Focus Foreign Dimension ² Expand Market Access Abroad ² Improve Country’s Business Image Abroad ² Showcase Pakistan’s strengths to foreign buyers ² Launch new Trade Diplomacy ² Trade not Aid Approach. ² Envoys’ Conferences ² Warehousing: New and existing markets ² Expo Pakistan: Annual Mega Exhibition 3 3

Macro Economic Reform ² Trade Policy ² Tariff Policy ² Investment Policy ² Fiscal Policy ² Monetary Policy 4 4

Trade Policy Reform S. no. Category Status 1 Import/Export Regimes Liberalized 2 CCI & E Department Abolished 3 Import licensing Abolished 4 License fee @ 6% Abolished 5 Import/Export Registration Abolished 5 5

Tariff Reforms ² Top rate brought down to 25% ² Number of slabs reduced to 16 in 1995, 7 in 1999 from 42 and 5 in in 1985 2005. ² Discriminatory SRO Regime eliminated ² Level playing field provided by tariffication of concessional duties. ² SMEs’ access to low tariff raw materials enhanced. Cont’d. . 6 6

Contd…. Tariff Reforms ² Duties on hundreds of tariff lines comprising industrial inputs i. e. Raw Materials and Capital Goods gradually reduced to 0 -5% ² Para-tariffs abolished i. e. Iqra, Import Surcharge, Regulatory Duties, Flood Relief Surcharge, etc. ² Tariff discrimination between Commercial and Industrial imports eliminated 7 7

Tariff Reforms Top Rate Reductions Year Top Rate 1985 120% 1990 90% 1994 65% 1997 45% 1999 35% 2000 2001 Source: Central Board of Revenue 30% 25% 8 8

Investment Policy Reforms ² All economic sectors open to Foreign Direct Investment—Industrial, Agricultural and Services. ² Equal treatment to local and foreign investors. ² 100 % foreign equity allowed ² No Government sanction required. ² Remittance of Royalty, Technical & Franchise Fee, Capital, Profits, Dividends allowed. ² Foreign investment fully protected through Foreign Private Investment (Promotion & Protection) Act 1976, Protection of Economic Reforms Act 1992 and Foreign Currency Accounts (Protection) Ordinance, 2001 9 9

Fiscal Policy Reforms ² High growth rate achieved – over 7% expected this financial year. ² Deficit reduction (4% of GDP) ² Debt reduced. ² Major reduction in Debt Service Charge. ² Improved revenue collection – Sales Tax, Custom Duty, Income Tax. ² Wealth Tax abolished. ² Central Excises being phased out. ² Substantial increase in reservesover $12. 8 Billion ² PSDP doubled ² Social Sector expenditure substantially increased 10 10

Monetary Policy Reforms ² State Bank Autonomy ² Banking and Capital market Reforms. ² Cost of Capital reduced ² Exchange rate stabilized ² Substantial improvement in liquidity 11 11

Major Trade Policy Initiatives ² Establishment of Technology Up-gradation Fund ² Launching Enterprise Capacity Building Scheme ² Improving Country’s Business Image ² Freight Subsidy—Inland Offshore ² Establishment of Zones for Agri-Products and Fisheries ² Establishment of Special Export Zones ² Establishment of Garment Cities ² Rehabilitation of Industrial Estates ² Establishment of Combined Effluent Treatment Plants Cont’d. . 12 12

Contd…. Major Trade Policy Initiatives ² Facilitation of Garment Exports through Textile Garment Package ² Incentivizing export of Horticulture Products ² Encouraging Women Entrepreneurs ² Opening Land Route Trade with Afghanistan ² Strengthening Trade Diplomacy ² Attracting Buyer Driven FDI for Export Sourcing from Pakistan ² Zero-Rating of Sales for Textile Chain ² Support for Quality Assurance and Lab Accreditation ² Strengthening of SMEs Industrial Clusters ² Relocation of Industries to Pakistan 13 13

Two Pillars of Export Strategy ² Drive Volume and Value of Exports ² Create enabling environment for the above to succeed 14 14

Strategy to Drive Volume and Value (Pillar –I) ² Enhancing world market share of Core Product Categories in top 10 Markets ² Pursuing Value Addition through capacity building and capability enhancement of exporters ² Export Product Diversification ² Geographic Diversification ² Translating traditional ties with Countries into commercial opportunities ² Leveraging International Trade Blocs / Agreements for enhanced Market Access 15 15

Strategy for Creating an Enabling Environment (Pillar-II) ² Reducing cost of doing business ² Improving industrial & commercial infrastructure ² Tariff rationalization, decontrol & liberalisation of investment ² Quality & Standards management to reinforce confidence in ‘Made in Pakistan’ ² Social, environmental & security compliance ² Business image building of Pakistan ² Export related skills development ² Protection of Intellectual Property Rights ² Developing SME sector as vendors & 16 exporters 16

Challenges ² Rapidly growing imports ² Exports as key for economic turnaround ² Infrastructure deficiencies ² Shortage of skilled manpower ² Conformity to quality and standards ² Maintaining fiscal stability 17 17

Required Infrastructure ² Physical Infrastructure ² Financial Infrastructure ² Legal Infrastructure ² Intellectual Infrastructure ² Technological Infrastructure ² Social Infrastructure 18 18

Institutional Strengthening ² Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) ² Foreign Trade Institute of Pakistan (FTIP) ² National Tariff Commission (NTC) ² Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) ² Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC) ² Pakistan Intellectual Property Rights Organization (PIPRO) 19 19

Pakistan The economy picked up further in FY 2005, with GDP growth coming in at over 8. 4% for the first time in 8 years. With sound macroeconomic fundamentals achieved and key sectors strengthened by reforms implemented in the 4 -5 years, the economy is well positioned to sustain 7% or more growth in the medium term. ADB’s Asian Development Outlook – 2005 20 20

Market Access Initiatives ² Bilateral ² Regional 21 21

ECOTA REGIONAL (Economic Cooperation Organization Trade Agreement) ² ECO member countries are: Ø Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. ² Agreement was signed - July 2003. ² Initial Agreement = reduction of maximum tariff slab to 15% within 8 years. ² On a fast track initiative, reduction of tariff to 10% on all traded items in 5 years. Ø 3 rd Ministerial meeting of ECO states was held in July, 2005. 22 22

SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Area) ² SAFTA was signed on 6 January 2004 at Islamabad. ² The Agreement shall come into force on 1 st January 2006. ² Tariff Reduction to 0 -5%: vulnerable sectors protected through Sensitive List ² Non-Least Developed Countries (Non-LDCs) Ø India – Pakistan - 7 years (2013) Ø Sri Lanka – 8 years (2014) 23 Cont’d. . 23 23

Contd…. SAFTA ² LDCs (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives)-(2016) ² Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka for LDCs– 3 years (2009) ² Current Negotiations: Ø Sensitive lists; rules of origin; technical assistance and revenue loss compensation mechanism for the LDCs 24 24 24

² Preferential Trading Arrangement (PTA) with D-8 (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey) Ø Two meetings held Ø Next meeting due ² Trade Preferential System (TPS) with OIC Ø Negotiations initiated Slow progress due to divergent views in a large membership of OIC ² Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Ø Agreement signed in August 2004 envisaging establishment of Free Trade Area with Pakistan Ø Pakistan has requested G. C. C. for initiation of negotiation. First round is expected in September, 2005 25 25

BILATERAL Sri Lanka ² The FTA with Sri Lanka was signed in June 2002. ² Operational since 12 June, 2005. Pakistan Sri Lanka 206 540 102 697 (No. of items) Immediate concession list (ICL) No concession list (NCL) ² Tariff on items (other than NCL) will be eliminated: Pakistan - 3 years Sri Lanka – 5 years Cont’d. . 26 26

China ² PTA signed with China in November 2003 is operational since 1 st January 2004. ² In December 2004 during the official visit of the Prime Minister to China it was announced to initiate extension of PTA, Joint Feasibility Study on FTA and to negotiate an Early Harvest Programme. ² Following achievements made during visit of the Chinese Premier On 5 th April 2005: Ø Completion of Joint Study and commencement of FTA negotiations; and Ø Early Harvest Programme was finalized. Cont’d. . 27 27

Contd…. China Pakistan’s Products Ø Bed-linen, table linen & other home textiles, towels, cotton & blended fabrics, synthetic yarn, synthetic fabrics, mangoes, oranges, dates, tarpaulin and marble articles like tiles, surgical goods, sports goods & cutlery etc. , dyes, guar gum, industrial alcohol and medicines, etc. China’s Products Ø Some organic chemicals & machinery for textile, leather production, etc. 28 28

Iran ² PTA signed in March 2004 ² Tariff reduction (average) Ø Pakistan Ø Iran 338 items 18% 309 items 18% ² It is expected that the Agreement will be operational at an early date. Turkey ² The Framework Agreement on PTA was signed on 19 th January 2004. ² First round of Technical Negotiation was held from 25 – 27 May 2004 in Islamabad. Draft text of PTA and wish lists were exchanged. ² Negotiations ongoing-- Pakistan is requesting Turkey to expand its offer list. 29 29

ASEAN COUNTRIES Indonesia ² Joint statement on Comprehensive Economic Partnership (CEPT) was signed on 21 st August, 2003. First Meetings on CEPT was held in Islamabad on 25 -26 th Oct, 2004. ² Both sides have agreed to initiate negotiations on establishing CEPT which would lead to FTA. ² The CEPT will include: i) Areas of Economic Cooperation; ii) FTA; and iii) Liberalization of trade in goods, services and investment. 30 30

Singapore ² ² First meeting of Joint Study Group held at Islamabad in February, 2005. Decided to negotiate FTA in the next meeting. Malaysia ² ² During the visit of the Prime Minister of Malaysia to Pakistan on 15 -18 February, 2005, it was decided to negotiate bilateral FTA. 3 meeting of the TNC have been held so far. 31 31

Laos DPR ² Cabinet has negotiations approved to initiate with Laos. ² Date of the meeting is being fixed through diplomatic channels. ASEAN + 1 ² High level visits from Pakistan to ASEAN countries 32 32

SOUTH ASIA Bangladesh ² First round of negotiations were held in Dhaka in November 2003. Finalization of negotiation is expected by the end of this year Nepal ² Cabinet has approved negotiations with Nepal. ² Date of the first meeting being fixed through diplomatic channels. 33 33

USA ² Pakistan signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with USA in June 2003. ² The First round of TIFA Talks was held on 28 -30 th September, 2004 at Washington. ² Bilateral Investment Treaty negotiations initiated: Ø Draft BIT discussed at London (7 th -11 th Feb, 2005) Ø Second Round due in Islamabad (2005) ² U. S was requested to start FTA negotiations. 34 34

Africa ² Ministry of Commerce is evaluating proposal for initiating PTA with South Africa and Al -Maghreb countries (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco). Thailand - Japan ² Pakistan is desirous to have a PTA /FTA with Thailand, Japan. Bangkok Agreement ² Pakistan keen to join Bangkok Agreement. 35 (Bangladesh, China, India, South Korea, Laos and Sri Lanka) Cont’d. . 35 35

MERCOSUR ² ² ² Member countries: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay During the visit of the President to South America initial proposal for FTA was made. FTA negotiations initiated. European Union ² 36 Trade diplomacy to secure GSP concessions. 36 36

Thank You 37