Page 130 MS 1 Explain how geography economics

Page 130

MS 1 Explain how geography, economics, history, and politics have influenced the development of Mississippi. MS 1 e Analyze the historical and political significance of key events in our state's development (e. g. , Civil War, Civil Rights Movement, etc. ).

MS 2 a Identify the influence of the industrial and agricultural revolution in our state. MS 3 d Analyze the significance of key events in our state's history. MS 3 e Analyze the ways Mississippians have resolved conflict and adapted to change, and continue to address cultural issues unique to our state.

MS 4 Demonstrate the ability to use social studies tools (e. g. , timelines, maps, globes, resources, graphs, a compass, technology, etc. ).

After the War Freedmen Presidential Reconstruction President Abraham Lincoln

What is this a Picture of? The interior of the Beauvoir, in Biloxi, the final home of Jefferson Davis.

After the War Civil War ended in 1865. Baton Rouge in ruins from Union attack The Bridge the Federals Burned at Big Black River

The damage to the state’s cities was severe. Roads and bridges were impassable. Many hotels, stores, and public buildings had been burned. In 1860, Mississippi was one of the South’s wealthier states. Extreme poverty affected the people of Mississippi, both black and white.

Civil War Vet One-third of the adult white males died during the war or returned home unable to work because of injuries.

Many others returned to farms, homes, and businesses that had been destroyed or badly damaged.

Who faced the greater hardships after the war? The nearly 400, 000 freedmen (former slaves).

Homeless Uneducated Had little more than the clothes on their backs. Wandered from town to town in search of jobs.

Blacks fear That their old masters would try to reenslave them. Did they have reasons to fear? Yes, they would be enslaved again.

Whites fear Many white Mississippians wondered how they would now be treated by the federal government. Would they be punished for their part in the war? Would they be allowed to vote and participate in the new state government?

Whites fear Would the property that had been taken from them during the war be returned?

What 3 things did freedman say they needed to be independent? LAND EDUCATION

LAND Why land? independence

How does Southern Culture start? How is it different from up north? It starts with what made a man independent. Two things made a man independent in the south. – Head of household. – Land.

Head of Household What is head of household? Let me illustrate.

Father st nd 1 2 rd th 3 4 th th 5 6 Mother Who seats where?

What is the ballot? The right to vote. Why is the right to vote so important? To place people in office who look at the world the way you look at it?

EDUCATION

What is the Freedmen’s Bureau? Congress created the temporary agency to help former slaves with food, shelter, education, and health care.

Freedmen, also firmly believed that the Freedmen’s Bureau would sell or lease to them land confiscated (seized) or abandoned during the war. About 800, 000 acres of land were confiscated in Mississippi during the war. So, what is the problem?

In 1865, rumors spread throughout the state that each adult black male would be given forty acres of land a mule.

It was the product of Special Field Orders, No. 15, issued January 16, 1865 by Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, which applied to black families who lived near the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. There was no mention of mules in Sherman's order, although the Army may have distributed them anyway. President Andrew Johnson, revoked Sherman's Orders.

By June 1865, around 10, 000 freed slaves were settled on 400, 000 acres in Georgia and South Carolina. Soon after, President Andrew Johnson reversed the order and returned the land to its white former owners. By 1867, even radical Republicans in Congress had lost interest in providing land for freedmen.

Many freedmen who did acquire land lost everything in the statewide crop failures of 1866 and 1867. By 1870, only about 12 percent of black farmers owned their own land.

Reconstruction What is reconstruction? A plan to rebuild the South and restore the southern states to the Union as quickly and as easily as possible. When did Lincoln start planning? Long before the war ended.

Reconstruction What was Lincoln’s plan?

The plan had two simple steps – All southerners, except high-ranking Confederate officials, would be pardoned after taking an oath of loyalty to the Union. – When 10 percent of the voters in a state had taken the oath of loyalty, the state would be permitted to form a legal government and rejoin the Union.

Why did his plan not happen? Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865.

After the War Freedmen Presidential Reconstruction President Abraham Lincoln

Read pages 135 to 137.