Paediatrics Normal Child development By Thomas Tay adapted

Paediatrics – Normal Child development By Thomas Tay adapted from Lissauer and Carroll

Fields of development • Gross motor • Vision and fine motor • Hearing, speech and language • Social, emotional and behavioural

Developmental milestones • Development milestones • The age of acquisition of important developmental skills • Median age • Age at which half of the standard population has achieved the level • Serves as a guide • Limit age • Age at which 97. 5% of the standard population has achieved the level (2 SDs above the mean) • Further assessment if not achieved

Gross motor – limit ages • Head control – 4 months • Sits unsupported – 9 months • Stands with support – 12 months • Walks independently – 18 months

Vision and fine motor – limit ages • Fixes and follows visually – 3 months • Reaches for objects - 6 months • Transfers – 9 months • Pincer grip – 12 months

Hearing, speech and language – limit ages • Polysyllabic babble – 7 months • Consonant babble – 10 months • Saying 6 words with meaning – 18 months • Join words – 2 years • 3 -word sentences – 2. 5 years

Social behaviour – limit ages • Smiles – 8 weeks • Fear of strangers – 10 months • Feeds self with a spoon – 18 months • Symbolic play – 2 to 2. 5 years • Interactive play – 3 to 3. 5 years

Rapid expansion of skill area • Before 1 year – Gross Motor • 1 year – Vision and fine motor • 1. 5 years – Hearing, speech and language • 2. 5 years – Social, emotional and behavioural development • First 18 months – motor problems • 18 months to 3 years – speech and language problems • 2 to 4 years – social and communication disorders

Variation in the pattern of development • Crawling Walking (83%) • Median age: 12 months • Limit age: 18 months • Bottom shuffle Walking • Median age: 18 months • Limit age: 27 months • Commando crawling Walking • Slowest to walk • Stand up and walk (rare)

Adjusting for prematurity • Chronological age • Starting from date of birth • Corrected age • Starting from EDD • Corrected age should be used in assessing development in pre-term babies up to 2 years old