Ozone Testing on Honey Bee Equipment By Elmer

Ozone Testing on Honey Bee Equipment By Elmer James Martin James Karla James Shelton Of Slide Ridge Honey Mendon, Utah June 9, 2008 1

Assisted by: • • O 3 Company, Aberdeen, Idaho USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, Beltsville Utah Dept. of Agriculture, Salt Lake City USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect Research Unit, Logan, Utah • Ozone Research Equipment, Akron, Ohio 2

Lab Facilities • Small Test Chamber at Ozone Research Equipment in Akron, Ohio • Lab Testing at USDA-ARS Beltsville Bee Lab in Beltsville, Maryland. • Lab Testing at Utah Dept of Agriculture in Salt Lake City, Utah • Lab Assistance from USDA-ARS Bee Lab in Logan, Utah. 3

Full Scale Field Testing • Ozone room constructed at Slide Ridge Honey in Mendon, Utah • Size: 20 ft. X 15 ft. X 10 ft. • Large ozone generator unit 2050 -088, double chamber type manufactured by O 3 company in Aberdeen, Idaho. • Monitor with range 0 to 2000 PPM provided by O 3 company. 4

Ozone Room 5

Ozone Room Sealed 6

Ozone Generator 7

Ozone Generator Inside 8

Ozone Monitor 9

Ozone Test Start up Number 1 10

Ozone Test Start up Number 2 11

Ozone Test Start up Number 3 12

Ozone Test Start up Number 4 13

Ozone Test Run Number 2 14

Ozone Test Run Number 3 15

Ozone Test Run Number 4 16

Part of Ozone Test Run Number 4 (USU Data Logger) 17

Ozone Test Run Number 5 18

Ozone Test Run Number 5 (USU Data Logger Record) 19

Observations • • Pesticides residue destroyed. Herbicides residue destroyed. Wax moth destroyed, inactive remains. Gasoline residue destroyed on outer surface during run #5 on a customer’s Hives. • Comb readily accepted by Honey Bees. • Dry Rot fungus may be stopped. 20

Observations Con’t. • Foundation purchased several years ago was never acceptable to our Honey Bees. Now that this foundation has been submitted to Ozone they seem to readily move on to it and start building comb. 21

Items not Subdued • FOULBROOD • More testing required & with different techniques. 22

State of Utah Lab Tests • 2008 -8 Control Sample of Beeswax & Pollen with no Pesticides applied after Ozone treatment. • 2008 -9 Beeswax & Pollen with Fluvalinate applied and then treated with Ozone. • 2008 -10 Beeswax & Pollen with Amitraz applied and then treated with Ozone. 23

State of Utah Sample 2008 -8 24

State of Utah Sample 2008 -9 25

State of Utah Sample 2008 -10 26

Wax Moth Damage • Comb with severe wax moth damage has never been acceptable to our Honey Bees, therefore these frames were disposed of in our operation. • Same severe damaged comb, Ozone treated, is very acceptable, the bees move right on to it and starting cleaning out the cells for reuse. Refuse dumped on bottom board by the bees, tip hive and scrap out. 27

Typical Wax Moth Damage 28

Typical Damaged Frame After Ozone Treatment 29

Drying out Equipment • The Ozone process seems to dry out all of the equipment, boxes, frames, comb, pallets, etc. • O 3 CO theorizes that dry air input as the carrier for the Ozone gas is absorbing the moisture from the equipment. 30

Room Pressure Exhaust With Charcoal Filter 31

Air Circulation In Ozone Room, NO Rubber or Urethane Belts 32

Air Circulation in Ozone Room Requires Direct Drive Blower 33

Coding of Equipment Processed Through Ozone 34

Coded Hive Box & Frames 35

Restack Hive Boxes to Allow Better Air Circulation 36

Locate Ozone Sensor Near Top of Equipment Being Processed 37

Depressurize ducting, route outside of building 38

Cost • • • Ozone generator $3, 000. 00 per month lease. Electric power $194. Frames processed 8, 880. Labor $0. 00. Cost per brood frame = $0. 36 each. Not included, improvement to boxes, pallets, lids, etc. 39

End Result of Ozone Treated Equipment. (30 Day Nuc) 40

Honey Bee Care • Bees shown in slides have been treated for Mites, Nosema, Foulbrood, and Chalkbrood. • Their diet has been supplemented with Bee. Pro & other additives. 41

Conclusions by Slide Ridge Honey • All “Dead Out Hives” should be processed in an Ozone Chamber before attempting to raise Honey Bees in them. • We consider placing Honey Bees in unprocessed “Dead Out Hives”, a waste of time and money. 42

Conclusions Continued • Why does Ozone Treatment Work? • This was the first full scale Ozone Test under field conditions, and we know a number of items that are being destroyed, however we may have wiped out other detrimental elements that need to be known and requires further Lab Research. 43

Comments • We wish to acknowledge the USU Bee Lab and their staff for coming up with the idea of using Ozone to purify Bee Hives, and now that we have proven that the idea is economically feasible by Bee Keepers at the commercial level, we encourage USU Bee Lab to enlarge this research program at the earliest opportunity. 44

Comments Continued • We believe that with Ozone Processing and proper nutrition, CCD may disappear from the Bee Keeping operation. • We believe that our two biggest problems in bee keeping are: pesticides/herbicides being returned to the hive & poor honey bee nutrition. 45

Factor • We need for the Lab to establish a factor that relates: Time in Ozone chamber to PPM of Ozone This would allow us to cut cost on power consumption and/or equipment size. We are also of the opinion that the Logan Bee Lab is in the best position to conduct this Research. 46

Distribution • USDA-ARS Bee Lab 5310 Old Main Hill Room 253 Logan, Utah 84322 -5310 Dr. Rosalind James Craig Huntzinger Ellen Klinger • State of Utah Dept. of Agriculture & Food 350 N. Redwood Road Salt Lake City, Utah 84114 -6500 Danielle Downey Dr. David Clark 47

Distribution Con’t. • Beltsville Bee Lab Room 211 10300 Baltimore AV. Building 476 BARCEast Beltsville, MD 20705 Bart Smith Jeffery Pettis • O 3 Manufacturing 2775 West 1800 South Aberdeen, Idaho 83210 Lynn Johnson 208 -397 -3033 208 -220 -1288 cell 48

Distribution Con’t. • Ozone Research Equipment Company 221 Beaver Street Akron, Ohio 44304 Ron Brainard 800 -742 -8535 • Bee Keepers: Newswander Brothers Honey Pendell Apiaries Homan Mc. Master Apiaries Mike Brockman 49

Distribution Con’t. • Suppliers: Mann Lake Ltd. Stuart Volby 501 1 st. South Hackensack, MN 800 -880 -7694 50