Ozone layer Strastosphere Solar radiation StratosphereTroposphere exchanges Troposphere

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Ozone layer Strastosphere Solar radiation Stratosphere-Troposphere exchanges Troposphere Gas phase chemistry Long-range transport O

Ozone layer Strastosphere Solar radiation Stratosphere-Troposphere exchanges Troposphere Gas phase chemistry Long-range transport O 3 NO 2 CO VOCs CH 4 SO 2 Aerosols Aqueous phase chemistry Heterogeneous Chemistry Aerosols Fossil fuel Emissions Biogenic emissions D. H. Boundary layer mixing Dry deposition Biomass burning emissions Deep convection Erosion Scavenging processes Air-sea exchanges

LMDz-INCA chemistry-climate model • On-line chemistry model in LMDz • Resolution: 3. 75 long.

LMDz-INCA chemistry-climate model • On-line chemistry model in LMDz • Resolution: 3. 75 long. x 1. 9 (19 -39 lev) • NMHC gas phase chemistry (about 100 tracers) • Different aerosol types (SO 4, BC, OC, Dust, Seasalt, Nitrates) • Interactive dry deposition scheme • Van-Leer (1977) advection; K. Emanuel convection; Louis (1972) boundary layer mixing (Hauglustaine et al. , 2004) ORCHIDEE • Dynamical global vegetation model: seasonal phenological cycle - carbon cycle, latent and sensible heat fluxes. Dynamical vegetation model (Krinner et al. , 2004) • Biogenic NMHC emission parameterization (LAI, PFT emissivities, temperature, PAR, leaf age, CO 2) (Lathière et al. , 2006) • NO and NH 3 soil emissions (soil temperature and moisture, precipitation pulses, fertilizers)

• Use the LMDz-INCA model to simulate the impact of ozone precursors (NOx,

• Use the LMDz-INCA model to simulate the impact of ozone precursors (NOx, NMHC) emissions on tropospheric ozone and associated radiative forcing of climate. • The model has already been used in source-receptor studies in the framework of the HTAP/CLRTAP intercomparison simulations (2010). These simulations investigated the imapct of a 20% reduction in precursors emissions on ozone. • These simulations will be done with the new ACCMIP/RCP emissions (for the present and if needed for the future) using a mask to investigate the impact of chinese emissions acting alone. • Small perturbations of the emissions will be used and scaled up in order to avoid nonlinearities in the response. • The ozone perturbation fields will be used in the LMDz radiation code in order to calculate the radiatice forcing of climate.