Oxygen Administration BLOOD GASES To measure the lungs

Oxygen Administration

BLOOD GASES § To measure the lungs ability to exchange O 2 and carbon dioxide efficiently. § Test arterial blood for concentrations of O 2, CO 2, bicarbonate, acidity, saturation of hemoglobin with O 2 (Sa. O 2). § Hypoxemia – O 2 level not meeting pts needs. § Hypercapnea – CO 2 build up in blood

PULSE OXIMETRY § Used to monitor Sa. O 2 (O 2 saturation of hemoglobin) § Used for patients with sudden change in O 2 saturation § Attached to fingertip or earlobe § Normal Sa. O 2 95 -100%. <85 indicates tissues are not receiving adequate O 2.

OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION § § A medication; must be prescribed Can be toxic or depress ventilation. Mild – reversible tracheobronchitis Severe – irreversible parenchymal lung injury

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) § Excessive O 2 in blood depresses respiratory drive & pt stops breathing § Chemoreceptors no longer respond to CO 2 stimulus

Oxygen Delivery § § Infection thrives in O 2 environment. One mask, cannula to one person Wall outlets; Tanks LPM – liters per minute

Nasal Cannula § Used for patients with normal breathing rate and depth § 21%-60% concentration of O 2 delivered with cannula § 21% of air composed of O 2. May need to be increased with respiratory distress. § 1 -4 LPM for adults or ¼-1/2 for children; higher rates are drying § ALWAYS have O 2 running BEFORE placing on patient!

FACE MASK § Short term § 30 -50% concentration but varies because mask doesn’t fit tight § Rate no less than 5 LPM; needed to flush CO 2 § Nonrebreathing mask § Partial rebreathing mask § Venturi mask § Aerosol mask

Other Delivery Systems § Mechanical ventilator (Respirator) § Breathing techniques § Oxygen tent § When need for humidity and higher concentration § Chest Radiographs – keep tubing out of image