Oxford University eScience Centre eScience the Grid and

Oxford University e-Science Centre e-Science, the Grid and… will they change research? ! Prof. Paul Jeffreys Director Oxford e-Science Centre http: //e-science. ox. ac. uk/ Professorial Fellow, Keble College paul. jeffreys@oucs. ox. ac. uk 1 1

Introduction Oxford University e-Science Centre • There is an activity which: – – – Tony Blair (and many other leaders!) has (have) enthused about The UK Office of Science and Technology has invested £ 0. 25 b The investment of public funds is estimated to be at least € 2 b Has resulted in world-leading new research Addresses issues in the Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration • (http: //www. hm-treasury. gov. uk/consultations_and_legislation /lambert/consult_lambert_index. cfm) – and. . if you believe the previous Director General of the Research Councils. . • “will change the dynamic of the way science is undertaken" 2 2

Talk Outline Oxford University e-Science Centre • Preliminaries and definitions – Example • UK e-Science and the Grid – International developments • Overview of e-Science in Oxford • Future vision for e-Research – Change way research is done – Component of Information Society 3 3

Oxford University e-Science Centre Preliminaries 4 4

Front page FT, 7 th Mar 2000 Oxford University e-Science Centre “‘The Grid’, as it is provisionally known, will work far more quickly and reliably than today’s internet. It should eventually enable computer users to receive exactly the information they want from anywhere in the world within seconds – and without having to go through a tortuous search process. ” 5 5

Blair’s speech on British Science Oxford University e-Science Centre • http: //politics. guardian. co. uk/speeches/story/0, 11126, 721029, 00. html “It's significant that the UK is the first country to develop a national e-Science grid, which intends to make access to computing power, scientific data repositories and experimental facilities as easy as the web makes access to information. One of the pilot e-science projects is to develop a digital mammographic archive, together with an intelligent medical decision support system for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. An individual hospital will not have supercomputing facilities, but through the grid it could buy the time it needs. ” PM Tony Blair, July 2002 6 6

What is the Grid? Oxford University e-Science Centre • “… a software infrastructure that enables flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions and resources” [The Grid, eds. Foster & Kesselman] • “an emergent infrastructure capable of delivering dependable, pervasive and uniform access to a set of globally distributed, dynamic and heterogeneous resources. It brings challenges of scalability, interoperability, fault tolerance, resource management and security” [Tony Hey] 7 7

e-Science Oxford University e-Science Centre • John Taylor, previous Director General of the Research Councils, OST – is about research increasingly done through distributed global collaborations enabled by the Internet (e. g. human genome program, LHC/CERN) – uses very large data collections, terascale computing resources, high performance visualisation – and col-laboratories – support for trusting teams e-Science will change the dynamics of how research is done 8 8

A Definition of e-Research Oxford University e-Science Centre ‘e-Research is about global collaboration in key research areas, and the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it. ’ 9 9

Oxford University e-Science Centre “Behind the Wall”, “In Front of the Wall”, “Through the Wall” “Behind the wall” “In front of the wall” Information Utility - resources Users - people - devices - compute - data - comms “Through the Wall” Col-laboration & interaction between people 10 10

Oxford University e-Science Centre “Behind The Wall”: today - many “bits of walls”, ad hoc Client-Server HPC Experiment Analysis Storage HPC Scientist Experiment Computing Storage HPC 11 Analysis 11

Oxford University e-Science Centre “Behind The Wall”: next generation -Information Utilities and col-laboratories Scientist G R I D M I D L E W A R E Experiment Analysis Computing Storage Analysis Experiment Computing Storage Computing 12 12

Oxford University e-Science Centre An example to catch the imagination 13 13

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Breast cancer facts • • • 10% of Western women develop breast cancer 19% cancer deaths, 24% cancer cases 500, 000 cases annually in EC and USA early diagnosis massively improves prognosis – screening programs, eg in UK 3 million mammograms per year – 55 million mammograms per year world wide 20% cancers are missed by radiologists at screening 70 -80% biopsies turn out to be benign 30% inter- and intra-radiologist variability 22% of films are “lost” between visits 5% of images need to be re-taken a 1 cm tumor has typically been in the body for 6 -8 years 15

UK Breast Screening – Today Paper Began in 1988 Film Women 50 -64 Screened Every 3 Years 1 View/Breast 1. 5 M - Screened in 2001 -02 65, 000 - Recalled for Assessment 8, 545 – Cancers detected 300 - Lives per year Saved Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland England (8 Regions) 92 Breast Screening Centres 230 – Radiologists “Double Reading” Statistics from NHS Cancer Screening web site Each centre 16 sees 5 K-20 K images/yr

UK Breast Screening – Challenges Digital 2, 000 - Screened every Year 120, 000 - Recalled for Assessment 10, 000 - Cancers 1, 250 - Lives Saved Women 50 -70 Screened Every 3 Years 2 Views/Breast + Demographic Increase Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland England (8 Regions) 92 Breast Screening Programmes 230 - Radiologists “double Reading” 50% - Workload Increase Up to 50 K/yr per 17 centre

e. Diamond aims • construct a federated database of mammograms • contribute to Grid middleware development • contribute to Health. Grid development in UK, Europe • aims to support the UK Breast Screening Program Novel image analysis, federation of large data sets owned by hospitals, and levels of access to that data 18

end-user project goals • Teaching tool for radiologists, radiographers Ø St George’s Hospital • Tele-diagnosis Ø Edinburgh Breast Screening Unit, W. of Scotland • Algorithm development: data mining Ø Oxford Radcliffe Breast Care Unit • Epidemiology Ø Guy’s Hospital, London • Quality control Ø Oxford Medical Vision Laboratory Clinicians want to use the Grid & they profoundly wish 19 to remain ignorant about how it works

For several years, I had wanted to find a way to gain the statistical power I needed for medical image Why is the Gridanalysis – the Grid offers the potential to provide it! needed? And, not just for medical image analysis … • mammograms are typical of medical images Ømany parameters (potentially) of interest Ørelatively few images gathered at each individual centre • insufficient statistical power in the database garnered from a small number of centres • The Grid provides the statistical power at acceptable bandwidth and with guarantees on secure image/data transmission 20

The Grid is for all of scholarship • Specialised image corpora & knowledge are widely dispersed through the world • The humanities have much to teach science about curation of large datasets, ontology development, and development of metadata 21

Oxford University e-Science Centre UK e-Science Programme & International Developments 22 22

SR 2000 e-Science Allocation Oxford University e-Science Centre DG Research Councils E-Science Steering Committee Director’s Awareness and Co-ordination Role Academic Application Support Programme Research Councils (£ 74 m), DTI (£ 5 m) PPARC (£ 26 m) BBSRC (£ 8 m) MRC (£ 8 m) NERC (£ 7 m) £ 80 m ESRC (£ 3 m) EPSRC (£ 17 m) CLRC (£ 5 m) Grid TAG Director’s Management Role Generic Challenges EPSRC (£ 15 m), DTI (£ 15 m) Collaborative projects Industrial Collaboration (£ 40 m) 23 23

SR 2000+SR 2002 e-Science Funding Oxford University e-Science Centre Total for e-Science from Spending Reviews £M MRC BBSRC NERC EPSRC Of which: HPC Core Prog PPARC ESRC CCLRC TOTAL 2001/2 1. 0 6. 0 2002/3 2. 0 13. 0 2003/4 5. 0 4. 0 22. 0 2004/5 6. 9 5. 0 4. 0 17. 2 2005/6 6. 2 5. 0 4. 0 19. 5 TOTAL 21. 1 18. 0 15. 0 77. 7 0. 0 3. 0 0. 0 13. 0 6. 0 8. 0 1. 5 29. 5 6. 0 15. 0 2. 5 55. 5 0. 0 8. 2 16. 4 5. 5 2. 5 57. 5 2. 5 8. 0 15. 2 5. 1 2. 5 57. 5 11. 5 31. 2 57. 6 13. 6 10. 0 213. 0 24 24

UK e-Science Grid Oxford University e-Science Centre Edinburgh Glasgow DL Belfast Newcastle Manchester Cambridge Oxford Cardiff RAL London Hinxton Southampton 25 25

e-Science Centres of Excellence Oxford University e-Science Centre • • Birmingham/Warwick – Modelling Bristol – Media UCL – Networking White Rose Grid – Leeds, York, Sheffield Lancaster – Social Science Leicester – Astronomy Reading - Environment 26 26

UK e-Science Grid – phase 2 Oxford University e-Science Centre Edinburgh Glasgow DL Belfast Newcastle Manchester Oxford Cardiff Cambridge RL London Hinxton Soton 27 27

UK e-Science Timeframes Oxford University e-Science Centre SR 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 * * * SR 2002 * * SR 2004 * * SJ 5/AAA Service LHC/LCG * * * 28 28

Particle Physics Grid Oxford University e-Science Centre • Growing links with Particle Physics Grid – Crucially important for next generation of experiments at CERN – Huge investment (UK £ 100+m in capital equipment alone) – Oxford - integral part of ‘Southern Tier 2’ in UK particle physics Grid • Important factor in development towards national ‘persistent Grid’ – EGEE instrumental • International compatibility – PP Grid has to be connected internationally! 29 29

Recent International Developments Oxford University e-Science Centre • Enterprise Grid Alliance: – “Leading technology companies today launched the Enterprise Grid Alliance (EGA), a consortium formed to develop enterprise grid solutions and accelerate the deployment of grid computing in enterprises. – http: //xml. coverpages. org/ni 2004 -04 -20 -a. html – The EGA consortium has been formed to "encourage and accelerate movement to an open grid environment through interoperability solutions. " – Companies having representatives on the EGA Board of Directors include EMC, Fujitsu-Siemens, HP, Intel, NEC, Network Appliance, Oracle, and Sun. ” • “Microsoft, IBM, and BEA Systems have released a trio of proposed Web Services standards to address several unmet requirements to realise the promises of the services-oriented application model. ” – Will underpin “Grid Services” 30 30

Information-based society. . Oxford University e-Science Centre • e-Research and the Grid are contributors to the Information-based society – e-Research/Grid part of the ‘forces driving change’: • UK Grid • e-Science projects are stretching the underpinning IT infrastructure – e-Research/Grid also part of process of migration to Information Society: • On-Demand resources • Integration (especially of databases) • Inter-connection or col-laboratories (eg Oxford and Auckland) – Irving Wladawsky-Berger: • “We see a world where more integration is needed, better management of information, and greater flexibility” – Vision applies directly to e-Research; • Information Society operating within academic framework… – NB e-Research is closely coupled to industry as will be demonstrated!! 31 31

Oxford University e-Science Centre Oxford e-Science 32 32

Oxford e-Science Centre Oxford University e-Science Centre • Summary: – In 2. 5 years - grown to significant activity – Supports and expands knowledge in, and use of, e-Science/Grid • e-Science activities in at least 15 departments – Portfolio of exciting research projects – Strong contribution to UK e-Science Core Programme • Creating persistent, robust and reliable national infrastructure • Part of UK national Grid (one of 4 nodes) – £ 20 m flowed into and through University – Offers e-Science support for region – Close relationships with IBM and CCLRC (UK national laboratory) 33 33

Oe. SC ‘Objectives’ Oxford University e-Science Centre • Establish Oxford as regional centre on UK national Grid – Thereby establish Grid connections for our researchers – Make our resources available on the Grid • Support groups throughout University undertaking national and international e-Science projects (and other Grid activities), and link with companies – Provide support infrastructure: - registration, certificate authorisation, training, documentation, security, services – Share development, coordinate and optimise across projects – Disseminate • Commission ‘intranet Grid’ – Share resources across university – 3000 cpus ! 34 34

Collaborating OU Departments Oxford University e-Science Centre • • • • Biochemistry Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics Engineering Materials Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Zoology Physics Oxford Internet Institute Said Business School Begbroke Business Park University Library Services Clinical Trials Unit Pharmacology and NTRAC Departments in Humanities 35 35

2 Crucial e-Science Components Oxford University e-Science Centre • Software Engineering Programme Team http: //www. softeng. ox. ac. uk/ – Essential contribution to Oe. SC – Contribute five academic staff, plus a number of dedicated researchers, to the e. Science team – Expertise in design, requirements, and security • Doctoral Training Centre http: //www. stats. ox. ac. uk/~mcvean/DTC. htm – Providing training in general research and communication skills is crucial to the future development of interdisciplinary research – Opportunity to share much of the training needed for e-Science 36 36

IBM Southampton Birkbeck, LRC, Birmingham, Nottingham, York Cambridge NTRAC UCL Univ. Wales Manchester (Singapore) Others. . CLRC Bio. Sim. Grid All Universities in UK PP Integrative Biology Grid PP Tier 2 Video Works Oe. SC EDG Security + Data Man. EDG MIMAS, Eduserve e-Dia. Mo. ND + Resource Man. 2 Globus Gatekeepers - Linux Cluster (Condor) - Supercomputer CLRC CERN IBM Remote Microscopy http: //e-science. ox. ac. uk Access Grid nodes JISC testbed cluster Network Monitoring DCOCE L 2 G/ETF/STF/TAG/GOC/ATF JISC Climate Prediction Collaborative Visualisation MIAS-Grid National Cosmos Grid + Rem. Vis. Dynamic brain Atlas Geodise Reality Grid Oxford e-Science Centre IBM, Mirada NCRI Tissue Bank High Throughput Structural Biology CERN CLRC Nottingham Leeds UCL Birmingham Auckland Dame St. Georges, Guy's, Churchill, St. Thomas' NHS Trust Hospitals; Breast Screening Centres in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen Univ. IBM, Virage, Boxer System Ltd, Square Box Systems, Int DO CLRC Oxford Brookes JEOL CLRC Open University

Strategic Partnership with IBM Oxford University e-Science Centre • Relationship built over many years – now reached new levels • Strategic alliance in e-Science with emphasis on Life Sciences • Partnership framework signed on 21 January by VC and Director of Hursley – “A partnership between IBM and the University of Oxford will create a framework for recognising, consolidating, and sustaining the collaboration that already exists. It will take advantage of emerging opportunities for collaboration across the disciplines, and promote the exchange of ideas, resources, and talent between the two organisations. ” • University: – academic research and scientific vision • IBM: – expertise in industrial research and development – options for deployment and exploitation • Built on excellent collaboration forged in e-Dia. Mo. ND 38 38

Oxford University e-Science Centre e-Science/e-Research Vision 39 39

e-Research – a new paradigm Oxford University e-Science Centre • The invention and exploitation of advanced IT – to generate, curate and analyse research data • From experiments, observations and simulations • Quality management, preservation and reliable evidence – to develop and explore models and simulations • Computation and data at extreme scales • Trustworthy, economic, timely and relevant results – to enable dynamic distributed virtual organisations • Facilitating collaboration with information and resource sharing • Security, reliability, accountability, manageability and agility • Training and teaching crucially important 40 40

e-Research Oxford University e-Science Centre • Developing e-Research – Represents a new academic paradigm – Requires a combination of expertise and resources – Facilitates world leading research, new opportunities for deployment, exciting partnerships • In Oxford – driven as application-led e-Research – Embracing computer science and computer services – Includes Humanities • Blended within University: Oe. SC, OSC, SEP and DTC • Set of skills completed - through partnership with IBM – Expertise and resources for the realisation and deployment of designs, on a national, industrial scale • e-Research -- an approach which goes beyond existing University structures and discipline boundaries 41 41

Research – has it changed? Oxford University e-Science Centre • e-Science has already changed research in Universities – e-Dia. Mo. ND, Integrative Biology, … – New capabilities to form col-laboratories (eg Oxford-Auckland) • But. . e-Science is a path to development of interdisciplinary research – Very exciting opportunities • Vision for future: – e-Science/e-Research acting as a catalyst for interdisciplinary advancement underpinned by a new IT infrastructure - facilitating new kinds of research • e-Research recognised as an academic pursuit (not just infrastructure) – Component of the new Information Society 42 42

Conclusions Oxford University e-Science Centre • e-Science activity has grown rapidly • e-Research and Grid will continue to grow in importance • Flagship projects. . – e-Dia. Mo. ND and many others • … demonstrate that research has already changed • e-Research is a new paradigm which enriches academia and changes research – catalyst for interdisciplinary activities offering new possibilities • Relationship with IBM strategic for Oxford University • e-Research component of the new Information Society 43 43