Overview Sexually Transmitted Infections STIs Updated October 2017

Overview Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Updated October 2017

What are STIs? • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections passed from one person to another through sexual contact. – Vaginal, or anal sex – Genital touching • An infection is when a bacteria, virus, or parasite enters and grows in or on your body. • STIs can be spread even if there are no signs or symptoms. • Some STIs are curable and others are not.

Types of STIs Bacterial Viral Parasitic Chlamydia Genital herpes Trichomoniasis Gonorrhea Human papillomavirus (HPV) Syphilis Hepatitis (B&C) HIV/AIDS

How Common are STIs? • CDC suggests there are more than 110 million STIs overall among men and women nationwide, including new and existing infections. • An estimated 20 million new cases in the US alone occur each year. 1 • Young people aged (15 -24) account for 50% of all new STIs • The annual number of new infections for STI incidents among young women and men is roughly equal with young women at 51% and young men at 49%. .

Estimate of STIs STI Incidence * Prevalence ** HPV 1 14 million 79 million Chlamydia 2. 9 million 3. 7 million Trichomoniasis 1. 1 million 1. 6 million Gonorrhea 820, 000 270, 000 Genital Herpes 776, 000 24. 1 million Syphilis 55, 400 117, 000 Hepatitis B 19, 000 422, 000 (Incidence and Prevalence for ages 15 -49) * Number of new infections occurring in the population in one year ** Number of infections found in the population including those from previous years Source: CDC website 2013.

Direct Medical Costs of STIs in the United States 16 Billion Dollars • • • . . 81% of the total is associated with HIV infection/ 26% of new cases are in ages 13 - 24 HPV costs $1. 7 billion / 49% of new cases in ages 15 - 24 Genital herpes costs $540. 7 million / 45% of new cases in ages 15 -24 Chlamydia costs $516. 7 million / 63% of new cases in ages 15 -24 Gonorrhea costs $162. 1 million / 70% of new cases in ages 15 -24

Physical Consequences • STIs can increase the risk of getting HIV • 24, 000 women become infertile each year due to STIs 1 • Untreated infections or chlamydia can result in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and lead to infertility. 3 • HPV untreated can lead to genital warts and HPV cancers. 2 • New cancers each year attributable to HPV 2 – Women 23, 330 – Men 16, 514

Avoiding STIs • Consistent condom use (100%) only reduces your risk but doesn’t eliminate it. • For those who choose to be sexually active, marriage (mutually faithful, life-long relationship with an uninfected sexual partner) is the healthiest choice • For unmarried individuals, sexual abstinence is the only practical and certain way to avoid STIs.