OVERVIEW OF TERRA AND AQUA MODIS STATUS AND

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OVERVIEW OF TERRA AND AQUA MODIS STATUS AND TRENDS Vincent V. Salomonson MODIS Science

OVERVIEW OF TERRA AND AQUA MODIS STATUS AND TRENDS Vincent V. Salomonson MODIS Science Team Leader MODIS Science Team Meeting July 13 -15, 2004 Baltimore Airport Marriott Hotel MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 1

OUTLINE • MODIS BACKGROUND AND STATUS • MODIS FUTURE OBJECTIVES AND TRENDS MODIS Science

OUTLINE • MODIS BACKGROUND AND STATUS • MODIS FUTURE OBJECTIVES AND TRENDS MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 2

LAUNCH OF TERRA AND AQUA MISSIONS WERE SUCCESSFUL AND SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS ARE WORKING WELL

LAUNCH OF TERRA AND AQUA MISSIONS WERE SUCCESSFUL AND SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS ARE WORKING WELL (over 4 years for Terra and 2 years for Aqua) Terra Launch: Dec. 18, 1999 First Image: Feb. 24, 2000 MODIS Science Team Meeting Aqua Launch: May 04, 2002 First Image: June 26, 2002 Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 3

Terra and Aqua MODIS Instruments are producing good scientific products MODIS Science Team Meeting

Terra and Aqua MODIS Instruments are producing good scientific products MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 4

MODIS Key Specifications (MODIS Instruments are meeting specs) MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and

MODIS Key Specifications (MODIS Instruments are meeting specs) MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 5

MODIS OPTICAL SYSTEM SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE LEAD TO WELL GEOLOCATED PRODUCTS MODIS

MODIS OPTICAL SYSTEM SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE LEAD TO WELL GEOLOCATED PRODUCTS MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 6

MODIS On-orbit Calibration and Characterization MODIS INSTRUMENTS ARE WELL CALIBRATED AND CHARACTERIZED ALTHOUGH LOTS

MODIS On-orbit Calibration and Characterization MODIS INSTRUMENTS ARE WELL CALIBRATED AND CHARACTERIZED ALTHOUGH LOTS OF WORK CONTINUING Solar Diffuser Velocity Vector SRCA SDSM Blackbody Scan Mirror • • • Space View OBCs: SD/SDSM, BB, SRCA, SV Lunar observations Day data rate = 10. 6 Mbps; night data rate = 3. 3 Mbps MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 7

Aqua/MODIS Level-1 B Image (M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. - NASA GSFC)

Aqua/MODIS Level-1 B Image (M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. - NASA GSFC) R = 0. 65 µm G = 0. 56 µm B = 0. 47 µm MODIS Science Team Meeting January 27, 2003 1340 UTC Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 8

Aqua/MODIS Cloud Effective Radius (M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. - NASA GSFC)

Aqua/MODIS Cloud Effective Radius (M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. - NASA GSFC) 30 23 16 9 2 Ice Clouds 50 Effective Radius (µm) Water Clouds January 27, 2003 1340 UTC 39 28 17 6 MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 9

MODIS SST fields (P. Minnett/U. of Miami) December 2002 Daytime (11µm) Night-time (4µm) MODIS

MODIS SST fields (P. Minnett/U. of Miami) December 2002 Daytime (11µm) Night-time (4µm) MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 10

MODIS Rapid Response MODIS Fire Detections SE Asia 04/03/03 ( Descloitres et al )

MODIS Rapid Response MODIS Fire Detections SE Asia 04/03/03 ( Descloitres et al ) MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 11

Present EOS DR Ingest Sites (P. Coronado/GSFC) • 82 Ingest sites around the world

Present EOS DR Ingest Sites (P. Coronado/GSFC) • 82 Ingest sites around the world for Terra/Aqua DB downlink • Over 900 Users of data extending from 82 ingest sites • List is located on the Direct Readout Portal MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 12

Who’s in the Current Direct Broadcast Community (P. Coronado/GSFC) • There are currently 82

Who’s in the Current Direct Broadcast Community (P. Coronado/GSFC) • There are currently 82 verifiable EOS X-band receiving ground stations world-wide relying on Direct Broadcast, including 6 stations from EOS science team members. • There is a community of over 900 members. – Representing 27 science research organizations doing DB land, ocean and atmospheric processing. – 53 companies that base their application algorithms and value added products on DB data. MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 13

Direct Readout (DR) Portal Software Downloads and Questions (P. Coronado/GSFC) Software Date First •

Direct Readout (DR) Portal Software Downloads and Questions (P. Coronado/GSFC) Software Date First • • • • Number of Downloads Questions RT-STPS GBAD Simulcast Sorcerer MODIS Band Extractor Construction Record Lister MODIS Band Viewer DB Fire (MOD 14) GSFC DAAC Level 1 DB NDVI MAP-I SDP Toolkit PGE 1 -82 280 188 110 79 78 43 69 156 185 179 35 22 2010 40 24 5 Number of Help Requests 21 14 2 1 10 30 8 5 3 85 300 Staged 1/29/2002 8/28/2002 5/07/2003 4/28/2003 1/15/2003 4/21/2003 1/22/2003 1/24/2002 6/27/2002 7/31/2002 - 7/01/2003 There are 947 registered users on the NASA DR Portal MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 14

SOME OTHER MODIS “INDICES” OF ACCOMPLISHMENT • PUBLICATIONS -Overall in MODIS/MODARCH Data base: Total

SOME OTHER MODIS “INDICES” OF ACCOMPLISHMENT • PUBLICATIONS -Overall in MODIS/MODARCH Data base: Total of 1423 unique publications from 1990 to the present (but 2003 and 2004 are not complete) -Fall AGU Abstracts “index”: 03 -170, 02 -82, 01 -82, 00 -52, 99 -16, 98 -12, 97 -7, 96 -5, 95 -8 -ISI Web of Science “index” (1959 to Present): 04 -84, 03 -136, 02 -83, 01 -49, 00 -46, 99 -46, 98 -29, 97 -26, 96 -17, 95 -9, 94 -11, 93 -3, 92 -8, 91 -6, 90 -0, 89 -2 Total= 557 refereed publications -ISI Proceedings “index” (1990 -present): Total= 499 publications • GRADUATE STUDENT SUPPORT (as of early 2003): 174 total; 89 Ph. D, 60 MS, 25 MA • WORKSHOPS: several successes for land, ocean, atmosphere, cal/val MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 15

FUTURE TRENDS SIGNIFICANT TO MODIS SCIENCE TEAM HAD 28 MEMBERS; NOW IT HAS 90!

FUTURE TRENDS SIGNIFICANT TO MODIS SCIENCE TEAM HAD 28 MEMBERS; NOW IT HAS 90! -27 “Refinement/Maintenance” of products P. I. ’s -63 “Science” P. I. ’s All need to work together to meet the goals and objective of the NASA Earth Science Program -as such the Science Team will hopefully be willing and able to be a useful and effective microcosm of the broader science, and applications, communities regarding improving MODIS products and related services MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 16

OVERALL MODIS SCIENCE TEAM THRUSTS • Support and collaborate with the relevant parts of

OVERALL MODIS SCIENCE TEAM THRUSTS • Support and collaborate with the relevant parts of the Earth Observing System Data and Information Service (EOSDIS) or other entities pursuing the provision and use of MODIS data products to the general science and applications communities or the public at-large so as to improve access to and use of MODIS data products • Pursue the programmatically the necessary goal of providing climate-data-record quality data sets of MODIS products. The characteristics or requirements for these data sets will be those obtained from the science community via procedures approved, prescribed or represented by NASA Headquarters Office of Earth Science program management • Interact with the modeling community(ies) to facilitate and expedite the assimilation of MODIS data products into such Earth system and Earth system component models. These models can include everything from global earth systems processes and trends to regional and local scale models simulations as well as applications specific to resource management and decision models support needs • Pursue interdisciplinary efforts including the use of MODIS products; i. e. where appropriate ensure that MODIS land products can be employed effectively by atmospheric efforts, MODIS atmosphere products can be used by land oceans efforts, etc. • Educate and train students to appreciate and be able to use remote-sensing (e. g. , MODIS) data for doing Earth science and applications MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 17

Data System Architecture - EOSDIS with ESIPs & REASo. Ns Data Acquisition Spacecraft Flight

Data System Architecture - EOSDIS with ESIPs & REASo. Ns Data Acquisition Spacecraft Flight Operations, Data Capture, Initial Processing, Backup Archive Data Transport to DAACs Science Data Processing, Info Mgmt, Data Archive, & Distribution, Access, Interoperability, Reuse Research Users Tracking & Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Ground Stations Data Processing & Mission Control NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN) Mission Services DAACs ESIPs REASo. Ns WWW Science Teams Interagency Data Centers Polar Ground Stations MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Education Users Value-Added Providers Int’l Partners & Data Centers Page No : 18

Focus Area Integration via Earth System Modeling MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua

Focus Area Integration via Earth System Modeling MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 19

ESE Next Tier Science Questions Variability Forcing Response Consequence Prediction Precipitation, evaporation & cycling

ESE Next Tier Science Questions Variability Forcing Response Consequence Prediction Precipitation, evaporation & cycling of water changing? Atmospheric constituents & solar radiation on climate? Clouds & surface hydrological processes on climate? Weather variation related to climate variation? Weather forecasting improvement? Global ocean circulation varying? Changes in land cover & land use? Ecosystems, land cover & biogeochemical cycles? Consequences of land cover & land use change? Improve prediction of climate variability & change? Global ecosystems changing? Motions of the Earth & Earth’s interior? Changes in global ocean circulation? Coastal region impacts? Ozone, climate & air quality impacts of atmospheric composition? Atmospheric composition changing? Atmospheric trace constituents responses? Regional air quality impacts? Carbon cycle & ecosystem change? Ice cover mass changing? Sea level affected by Earth system change? Change in water cycle dynamics? Predict & mitigate natural hazards from Earth surface change? Earth surface transformation? MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 20

Integrated global Human-Ecosystems-Climate Interactions (Coupling, Model-Data Fusion, Assimilation) analyses Sub-regional Funded High-Resolution Atmospheric CO

Integrated global Human-Ecosystems-Climate Interactions (Coupling, Model-Data Fusion, Assimilation) analyses Sub-regional Funded High-Resolution Atmospheric CO 2 T sources/sinks Unfunded Carbon export to Profiles of Ocean Particles T Partnership deep ocean Models w/improved T = Technology Physiology & Functional Groups T ecosystem functions development Process controls identified; Southern Ocean Carbon Program = Field errors in sink reduced Campaign New Ocean Carbon / Coastal Reduced uncertainties in fluxes T Event Observations Report and coastal C dynamics Vegetation 3 -D Structure, Terrestrial carbon stocks & T Biomass, & Disturbance species habitat characterized Global CH 4; Wetlands, Flooding & Permafrost CH 4 sources characterized and quantified Global Atmospheric CO 2 (OCO) N. American Carbon Program Land Use Change in Amazonia 2002: Global productivity and land cover resolution coarse; Large uncertainties in biomass, fluxes, disturbance, and coastal events N. America’s carbon budget quantified Effects of tropical deforestation quantified; uncertainties in tropical carbon source reduced Improvements: P Land Cover (Landsat) 2004 MODIS Science Team Meeting Case Studies Process Understanding Land Cover (LDCM) Ocean Color (Sea. Wi. FS, MODIS) Vegetation, Vegetation Fire (AVHRR, MODIS) 2002 Regional carbon sources/sinks quantified for planet 2006 NA Carbon Models & Computing Capacity Land Cover (LDCM II) Systematic Observations Ocean Color/Vegetation (VIIRS/NPP) IPCC 2008 2010 IPCC Ocean/Land (VIIRS/NPOESS) 2012 Terra Aqua MODIS Status Overview Global C Cycle July 13, 2004 NAand Carbon 2014 Goals: Global productivity and land cover change at fine resolution; biomass and carbon fluxes quantified; useful ecological forecasts and improved climate change projections Knowledge Base Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems 2015 Page No : 21 Global C Cycle

Climate Variability and Change Advances in computational resources, high-end models and data distribution software

Climate Variability and Change Advances in computational resources, high-end models and data distribution software required at all stages T 2002: • Experimental 12 -month forecasts of surface temperature, precipitation • Fair knowledge of global climate variables and their trends. • Climate models that simulate long-term global temperature change with large uncertainty in forcings and sensitivity. NASA Knowledge Base Unfunded Earth System models capable of accurate global and regional climate prediction Goals: T Decadal measurements Validated ice and ocean of ice mass changes models for sea level (1) change estimates Characterization and Global atmospheric CO 2 (OCO) Improved evaluation of climate sensitivity to forcings reduction of T Global atmospheric aerosols (Terra, Aqua, APS, …) uncertainty in long-term Accurate energy and water T Global Soil Moisture representation in climate models to climate enhance predictive capability prediction T Global Cloud Characteristics (Cloudsat & CALIPSO) Technology T= development required Observations of water mass movement (GRACE, Jason) Measurements of ice sheet mass balance SAR (ICESat, GRACE, Aircraft, SAR) Radiative forcing measurements (ACRIMSAT, SORCE, Terra, Aqua ) Global sea surface salinity (Aquarius) Improved Climate Data Records (NPP) Improved space/time scales of ocean topography (OSTM) Improved ocean circulation models with ice and atmospheric coupling to improve climate model representation of ocean heat transport Improved estimates of ice sheet contribution to sea-level rise Improved assessment of radiative forcing, its variability and representation in models Data assimilation of atmosphere, ocean, land used in process studies (Terra and Aqua in conjunction with GODAE & CLIVAR) Comprehensive Climate Observations (Terra, Aqua, ACRIMSAT, Jason, ICESat, SORCE, Quikscat, etc. ) T Long-term consistent climate data record (NPP, NPOESS) Models with improved precipitation, air-sea and air-land exchanges capable of seasonal and subseasonal predictability of surface climate on regional scales (2) Routine probabilistic forecasts of precipitation, surface temperature, and soil moisture (3) Sea-level rise prediction Ongoing activities: • Model coupling • Climate sensitivity to forcings • Process characterization • Predictability assessment • Forcing/Feedback assessment • Technology development Systematic measurements of certain greenhouse gases, atmospheric moisture, sea surface topography, ocean vector winds, clouds, aerosols, radiation budget, surface temperatures, ice cover, and solar irradiance MODIS Science 2002 Team Meeting 2004 IPCC Terra 2006 and Aqua MODIS Status 2008 Overview July 13, 2004 2010 IPCC 2012 Page No : 2014 22

Improved precipitation forecasts that support: Water supply Decision River discharge monitored globally; Support System

Improved precipitation forecasts that support: Water supply Decision River discharge monitored globally; Support System with 7 Snow water equivalent observations 10 day lead time & seasonal water supply Global precipitation forecasting ability measurements (GPM) T NASA Joint Unfunded T = field campaign Global Soil Moisture Global estimates of ocean evaporation and land evaporation T= Technology Knowledge Base development required Global monitoring of water and energy (GIFTS) Vertical profiles of cloud structure and properties (Cloudsat) Data assimilation of precipitation and water vapor Detection of gravity perturbations due to water distribution (GRACE) EOS/in-situ observations of land surface state variables Observations of tropical rainfall/energy release(TRMM) Cloud parameterization and precipitation/watervapor assimilation enabling more reliable shortterm precipitation forecasts and accurate roll of clouds in climate predictions Assessments of natural variability in atmospheric, surface and subsurface moisture stores Improved latent heating profiles and convective parameterizations within weather and climate models • Reservoirs and tropical rainfall well quantified • Difficulty balancing the water budget on any scale • Inability to observe and predict precipitation globally 2004 MODIS 2002 Science Team Meeting Quantify and elucidate mechanisms of the mean state and variability of the water cycle, including quantification of precipitation, evaporation, runoff and water storages 2006 Ongoing model improvements Enhancements in computing resources GOAL: Models capable of predicting the water cycle, including floods and droughts, down to 10 s of kms Water and Energy Cycle Systematic measurements of precipitation, SST, land cover & snow IPCC 2010 Terra and Aqua 2008 MODIS Status Overview Report IPCC 2012 Report. July 13, 2004 2014 Page No 2015 : 23

Funded Unfunded Improvements require: • Focused validation experiments • New Technology T • Impact

Funded Unfunded Improvements require: • Focused validation experiments • New Technology T • Impact Assessments Knowledge Base = Field Campaign Continuous lightning Soil moisture Global monitoring of water, energy, clouds, and air quality/Operational prototype missions NASA/NOAA collaborative centers Weather satellite sensor and technique development; used by NOAA 2004 MODIS Science Team Meeting NRA Improved forecasts Improved physical & dynamical processes High-resolution sounding for fast forecast updates New, high-resolution temperature and moisture sounding will provide needed information to describe the atmospheric dynamics, cloud distributions for radiation modeling, aerosol concentrations for air quality projection, and better imagery of severe weather phenomena like hurricanes, floods, and snow/ice cover. Use of NOAA operational models to optimize assimilation of NASA’s new satellite data will ensure realistic and accelerated use of new technology and techniques. Satellite-derived localized heating inputs will allow regional models to have better predictive capabilities. Observations of tropical rainfall/energy release 2003 Global tropospheric winds Global Precipitation High-resolution global measurements of temperature, moisture, cloud properties, and aerosols 2002 T acy due to Steady, evolutionary improvement in weather prediction accur l mode ongoing model refinement in operational agencies, finer-scale sting aided by resolution, improved use of probabilistic and statistical foreca n of radar and multiple-component ensemble initializations, and incorporatio aircraft-measurements By 2015: Weather and severe storm forecasting should be improved greatly: • Hurricane landfall accurate enough for evacuation decisions • Winter storm hazards determine at local levels for appropriate mitigation • Regional forecasting of rain and snow accurate for economic decisions “How Can Weather Forecast Duration and Reliability Be Improved By New Space-Based Observations, Assimilation, and Modeling? ” Systematic meas. of atmosphere, ocean, and land surface parameters 2007 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 NRA July 13, 2004 Terra and NRA Aqua MODIS Status Overview Page No : 24

Goal: Atmospheric Composition International Assessment Accelerated (APS) aerosol measurements NASA Unfunded T Intern’l NOAA

Goal: Atmospheric Composition International Assessment Accelerated (APS) aerosol measurements NASA Unfunded T Intern’l NOAA T T=Technology Knowledge Base development needed T Geostationary Tropospheric Composition Mission High spatial & temporal resolution products LEO Aerosol/Black Carbon Mapping Systematic stratospheric composition Ozone Continuity Mission: Continued trend series of ozone- and climate-related parameters NPOESS ozone trend aerosol measurements Operational predictions linking ozone and aerosols with climate and air quality Evaluation of feedbacks between aerosols, O 3, H 2 O, and climate Assessment of observed stratospheric ozone recovery in response changing climate; continuing assessment of tropospheric ozone trends and mechanisms Evaluation of chemistry/climate interactions using multi-decadal simulations of the stratosphere & troposphere. Quantification of mechanisms in the evolution of tropospheric ozone. Field campaigns: stratosphere/troposphere coupling & satellite validation Global observations of stratospheric & tropospheric constituents & parameters: Aura, ENVISAT High lat. observations of O 3, aerosol, & H 2 O in the UT/LS (SAGE III & Science/ Validation Campaigns) Improved prognostic ability for: Simulation of observed changes in tropospheric & stratospheric ozone, water vapor, aerosols and potential impacts of future changes on climate & atmospheric chemistry Assessment of the potential for future major ozone depletion in the Arctic 2000 • Halogen chemistry shown responsible for stratospheric O 3 losses. • Tropospheric O 3 not well understood. • Uncertainties in feedbacks between strat. O 3 recovery, trop. O 3 trends, & climate. • Poor knowledge and modeling of the chemical evolution of aerosols 2002 2004 MODIS Science Team Meeting Steady Improvements in Assessment Models o o o Melding of stratospheric & tropospheric chemistry Coupling of chemistry and radiation in GCMs Assimilation of constituents in models Improved representations of aerosols & emissions Increased spatial resolution Recovery of strat. Ozone. Impacts on climate and surface UV Evolution of trop. ozone and aerosols. Impacts on climate and air quality Systematic observations of O 3, aerosol, and O 3 -related & climate-related trace gases 2006 2008 Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview 2010 July 13, 2004 2012 2014 Page No : 25

(MOD for Terra/MYD for Aqua) MODIS Products as of late 2003; tbd in future

(MOD for Terra/MYD for Aqua) MODIS Products as of late 2003; tbd in future MOD 01 Level-1 A Radiance Counts MOD 23 Suspended-Solids Conc, Ocean MOD 02 Level-1 B Calibrated Relocated Radiances Water -also Level 1 B “subsampled” 5 km. X 5 km pro MOD 24 Organic Matter Concentration MOD 03 Geolocation Data Set MOD 25 Coccolith Concentration MOD 04 Aerosol Product MOD 26 Ocean Water Attenuation MOD 05 Total Precipitable Water Coefficient MOD 06 Cloud Product MOD 27 Ocean Primary Productivity MOD 07 Atmospheric Profiles MOD 28 Sea Surface Temperature MOD 08 Gridded Atmospheric Product (Level 3) MOD 29 Sea Ice Cover MOD 30 Temperature and Moisture MOD 09 Atmospherically-corrected Surface Reflectance Profiles MOD 10 Snow Cover MOD 32 Processing Framework & Match. MOD 11 Land Surface Temperature & Emissivity up MOD 12 Land Cover/Land Cover Change Database MOD 33 Gridded Snow Cover MOD 13 Vegetation Indices MOD 34 Gridded Vegetation Indices MOD 14 Thermal Anomalies, Fires & Biomass Burning MOD 35 Cloud Mask MOD 15 Leaf Area Index & FPAR MOD 36 Total Absorption Coefficient MOD 16 Surface Resistance & Evapotranspiration MOD 37 Ocean Aerosol Properties MOD 17 Vegetation Production, Net Primary MOD 39 Clear Water Epsilon Productivity MOD 43 Albedo 16 -day L 3 MOD 18 Normalized Water-leaving Radiance MOD 44 Vegetation Cover Conversion MOD 19 Pigment Concentration MOD 20 Chlorophyll Fluorescence MOD 21 Chlorophyll_a Pigment Concentration MOD 22 Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 26

Satellite Transition Schedule (9 March 2001) Slopes indicate 10 -90% need (NPOESS GAP 5

Satellite Transition Schedule (9 March 2001) Slopes indicate 10 -90% need (NPOESS GAP 5 b) Projected End of Life based on 50% Need Local Equatorial Crossing Time CY 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 0530 DMSP F 18 F 16 F 20 NPOESS C 3 Wind. Sat/Coriolis 0730 - 1030 F 15 DMSP F 17 F 19 M POES C 1 or C 2 NPOESS METOP EOS-Terra NPP 1330 POES L (16) N’ N C 2 or C 1 NPOESS Earliest Need to back-up launch EOS-Aqua Mission Satisfaction S/C Deliveries MODIS Science Team Meeting S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT schedule Earliest Availability Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 27

Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) • • • Purpose: Global observations of land,

Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) • • • Purpose: Global observations of land, ocean, & atmosphere parameters at high temporal resolution (~ daily) Predecessor Instruments: AVHRR, OLS, MODIS, Sea. Wi. FS Management: Integrated Program Office Status: Phase C/D (Raytheon) Approach: Multi-spectral scanning radiometer (22 bands between 0. 4 m and 12 m) 12 -bit quantization Swath width: 3000 km MODIS Science Team Meeting • Changes to specifics of band dynamic ranges, bandpasses & band centers being negotiated • Consideration of adding 6. 7 micrometer water vapor band to FM 2 & later models Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 28

VIIRS Spectral Bands • 22 Bands – Subset of MODIS bands plus day-night panchromatic

VIIRS Spectral Bands • 22 Bands – Subset of MODIS bands plus day-night panchromatic band • Two spatial resolutions – Imagery resolution bands: 370 m at nadir – Moderate resolution bands: 740 m at nadir • Features – 8 (Moderate) or 16 (Imagery) detectors per scan – Bands spatially nested – Some bands have dual gain • Maximize dynamic range without precision penalties • Constrained pixel growth with scan angle MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 29

Visible Infrared Imaging Spectroradiometer (VIIRS) Separately Mounted Electronics Module Solar Diffuser FPIE Blackbody Half-angle

Visible Infrared Imaging Spectroradiometer (VIIRS) Separately Mounted Electronics Module Solar Diffuser FPIE Blackbody Half-angle Mirror Cryoradiator Cold FPA Dewar Assembly 4 -Mirror Anastigmat All Reflective Aft Optics Imager MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview 3 -Mirror Anastigmat All reflective Rotating telescope July 13, 2004 Page No : 30

VIIRS Calibration • Stray light much better than MODIS – Driven by needs of

VIIRS Calibration • Stray light much better than MODIS – Driven by needs of the day-night (DNB) – Rotating telescope, extensive baffling reduces scattered light • V-grove blackbody similar to MODIS – – • Baffled to avoid Earth illumination Emissivity of 0. 9998 Controlled to 290 K by pulsed voltage Heat to 315 K Solar Diffuser (SD) evolutionary from MODIS – 1 time door – New design eliminates “ripples” • Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM) evolutionary from MODIS – 7 bands – Views 70% of SD area • • • Planning to use 2 nd order polynomial for all bands Characterization plan similar to MODIS Lunar views possible MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 31

CONCLUSIONS • SPACECRAFT AND INSTRUMENTS WORKING WELL, BUT FURTHER EFFORT CONTINUING TO CHARACTERIZE SENSOR

CONCLUSIONS • SPACECRAFT AND INSTRUMENTS WORKING WELL, BUT FURTHER EFFORT CONTINUING TO CHARACTERIZE SENSOR CALIBRATION/RESPONSE E. G. , OCEANS • LOTS OF EXCELLENT SCIENCE/APPLICATIONS RESULTS APPEARING USING MODIS PRODUCTS • NEED TO PURSUE GENERAL THRUSTS MEANT TO ENHANCE USABILITY AND ACCESS TO PRODUCTS BY SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS COMMUNITIES • PURSUE ACTIVITIES TO FACILITATE MODIS TRANSITION TO NPOESS VIIRS • OVERALL MODIS HAS BEEN A TREMENDOUS SUCCESS AND HOLDS CONSIDERABLE PROMISE FOR EVEN GREATER SUCCESS IN THE FUTURE MODIS Science Team Meeting Terra and Aqua MODIS Status Overview July 13, 2004 Page No : 32