Overview of NREL Electricity RD Program and Activities

Overview of NREL Electricity R&D Program and Activities (NRECA Briefing at NREL) By Dick De. Blasio, NREL – Chief Engineer Principal Program Manager for Electricity Programs May 18, 2010

OE -- Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Assistant Secretary DOE/OE (Pat Hoffman, Acting) DOE Goal Create a more flexible, more reliable, and higher capacity U. S. energy infrastructure OE GOAL Lead national efforts to modernize the electric grid, enhance security and reliability of the energy infrastructure, and facilitate recovery from disruptions to the energy supply R&D OE R&D Strategies & Objectives • Develop High Temperature superconducting (wires & coils) to increase capacity, efficiency, and reliability, of the electric system. • Advance real time visualization and control tools to utilize T&D assets, etc. • Integrate advanced technologies (i. e. , renewable, Distributed Generation, storage, load management) 2

NREL Electricity Program Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Central Power Generation • Wind Farms • Concentrating Solar Power Advanced Power Management Distributed Power Generation Systems Integration Electric • Solar Utility Scale PV Transmission • Geothermal System • Ocean Wave & Current Interconnection Technology Storage • Solar Residential/ Commercial PV Electric Distribution System Smart-Grid • Electric Drive Vehicles Micro-grids • Fuel Cells • Micro-turbines/Engines System Impacts Standards and Codes Load Management Efficient End Use • Residential Buildings • Commercial Buildings • Solar Heating & Cooling • Electric Drive Vehicles • Industry De. Blasio 7/8/07 • Small/Community Wind P CH

NREL ELECTRICITY Program R&D Focus Areas – – – – Interconnection & interface engineering Test and evaluation Standards, codes, and conformance Renewable systems specific issues DE system modeling and simulation Renewable resource integration Impacts and solutions Advanced technologies, e. g. , power electronics (advanced functionality, modular, scalable), and monitoring, information exchange and control, interoperability) – New grid architectures, and operations functionality, e. g. , Microgrids and Smart Grids 4

Grid Modernization Today’s Electricity … Tomorrow’s Choices … Power park e- Fuel Cell Wind Farms Hydrogen Storage Rooftop Photovoltaics Remote Industrial DG Loads Fuel Cell SMES e- Smart Substation Load as a resource Combined Heat and Power 5

Smart Grid DOE defines the Smart Grid as: “an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances. ” Smart Grids: – Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Generation – Enable price responsiveness of customers – Allow dispatchable load and storage – Improve energy efficiency 6

FY 2010 Smart Grid Activities at NREL Supports DOE OE Goals for a modern grid with a Smart Electric Delivery System • Development of Interoperability Standards (e. g. , IEEE P 2030) and Interconnection Standards (e. g. IEEE 1547) • Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Generation (Grid Integration, e. g. , IEEE P 1547. 8 proposed) • Advanced Distribution System Operations (Microgrids, P 1547. 4) • Allow dispatchable load and storage (i. e. , V 2 G; part of IEEE proposed P 1547. 8 Industry Driven/Collaboration with SAE – and related to NIST Priority Action Plans) • Development of Conformance Test Protocols for Smart Grid Technologies (enhanced funding request – TBD) 7

OE DOE NREL FY 2010 SG Projects Smart Grid R&D – Sub Program Projects: • Smart Grid Interconnection Standards Development (1547 standards) - PI Tom Basso • Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Development 2030 standards) - PI Tom Basso • Renewable and Distribution Systems Impact R&D PI’s Ben Kroposki and Tom Basso 8

OE Renewable Systems Interconnection (DER focus) • In FY 09, we developed a report discussing fault ride though and short circuit characteristics for inverter-based renewable energy systems. • Published Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources (January 2010) • In FY 10 we will continue to evaluate needed testing and modeling to simulate short-circuit and fault-ride through characteristics of inverter based distributed renewable systems. • The goal in FY 10 is to develop standard inverter models of short-circuit contributions and fault ridethrough capability that could be used to perform studies. (September 2010) • These open source models could then be transitioned to software developer and included in electrical power system simulation packages. Available at: http: //www. nrel. gov/docs/fy 10 osti/46698. pdf

OE Renewable Systems Interconnection (Distribution System focus) • In FY 10 we continue to promote the FY 09 report → three primary recommendations: - need qualification of the grid; - need qualification of modern interconnection systems (e. g. , smart grid concepts beyond IEEE 1547 base standard to allow grid support); and - need modeling and simulation improvements, e. g. , into IEEE P 1547. 7 draft guide to impact studies for DR interconnection. • Further in FY 10 we are establishing example algorithm and model analysis tools (in Distributed Engineering Workstation program) for DR interconnection between the grid and renewable electric distributed energy systems. (Report -September 2010) • Goal in FY 10 is to show “universality” of these example tools and how they may be incorporated by others into multiple software analysis programs; longer term goals are to validate additional example tools so others will establish similar tools to readily understand, quantify and mitigate system impacts from renewable systems integration. Report documents and evaluates system impacts of DR interconnection to T&D systems (ocus on renewables); it also identifies impact-resolution approaches and challenges -http: //www. nrel. gov/docs/fy 09 osti/44727. pdf

Federal 2005 Energy Policy Act: Cites & Requires IEEE 1547 (IEEE Std 1547 Developed By National Team of 444 Professionals) Federal 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act: Established NIST as Lead to Coordinate Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards and Protocols 11

Smart Grid Interconnection and Interoperability Systems Approach Bulk Power • Interconnection & Interfaces • Technical Standards • Advanced Technologies • Systems Integration Substations Storage sensors (Also, larger DER on transmission) sensors Transmission System Distribution System Load Management sensors Communications and Information Technology Information Flow, Data Management, Monitor & Control EV DE Resources Interconnection Combined Heat & Power Recip. Generator Micro Turbine Fuel Cell Photovoltaics sensors 12

1547 - 2003 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems 1547. 1 - 2005 Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting DR with EPS 1547. 2 - 2008 Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnection of DR with EPS 1547. 3 - 2007 Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange and Control of DR Identified in Report to NIST Current 1547 Projects P 1547. 4 Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of DR Island Systems with EPS P 1547. 5 Guidelines for Interconnection of Electric Power Sources Greater Than 10 MVA to the Power Transmission Grid P 1547. 6 Recommended Practice for Interconnecting DR With EPS Distribution Secondary Networks P 1547. 7 Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection Microgrids Urban distribution networks http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/scc 21/index. html IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards 13

IEEE Unifies Power, Communications and IT: Information Technologies {exchange processes for information} {data, facts, and knowledge} Power and Energy Technologies [electric power system, end use applications and loads] P 2030 Communication Technologies http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/scc 21/index. html Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Project P 2030 14

IEEE P 2030 Standards Development Schedule 15

Smart Grid Conformance Testing • Accelerate development and adoption of Smart Grid technologies • Develop consensusbased standard test protocol • Develop interoperability test beds • Achieve interoperability between interfaces and devices Power Interface Physically how electricity moves and devices interconnect Communications Interface Physically how information moves and devices communicate Smart Grid Interface Interoperability Information Technology Interface What information moves and how information is organized 16

NREL Smart Grid Testing Grid Agent/ Smart Meter DC Loads LV AC Bus Wind Turbines DC Bus Grid Simulator Communications/ MV AC Bus IT infrastructure Utility Grid Simulator MV Generation AC Loads/ Appliances Fuel Cells Microturbines PHEV/V 2 G Building Loads and Demand Response Battery Banks Synchronous Generators PV Arrays Energy Storage Inverters 17

In Summary FY 2010 Smart Grid OE Activities at NREL • Development of Interoperability Standards (e. g. , IEEE P 2030) and Interconnection Standards (e. g. IEEE 1547) • Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Generation (Grid Integration, e. g. , IEEE P 1547. 8 proposed) • Advanced Distribution System Operations (Microgrids, P 1547. 4) • Allow dispatchable load and storage (i. e. , V 2 G; part of IEEE proposed P 1547. 8 Industry Driven/Collaboration with SAE – and related to NIST Priority Action Plans) 18