OVERVIEW OF NFPA 70 E 2004 Edition Standards

OVERVIEW OF NFPA 70 E (2004 Edition) Standards for Electrical Safety-Related Work Practice Requirements for Employee Workplaces Presented By: Steven Strayer, CIH, CSP, REHS, RS Cocciardi and Associates, Inc. (717) 766 -4500 (717) 766 -3999 (fax) sstrayer@cocciardi. com

Electrical Hazards • Shock – 1, 000 fatalities per year, >50% from <600 volts • Arc-flash – 35, 000 o F – 2, 000 severe burn cases per year – Kill out to 10 feet • Arc-blast – – Cu expands 67, 000 x’s from solid to gas Pressures = thousands of pounds per square feet Noise >160 d. B Molten shrapnel >700 mph

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) • Worker protection police • General industry (1910) and construction (1926) • Subpart “S” – electrical – Methods to eliminate/minimize electrical hazards – Safe work practices (1910. 331 -335) – Training requirement (1910. 332) * Problem: Limited specificity (ex. Flash protection)

NFPA 70 E – Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace Background / History • Assist OSHA in developing workplace safety (NFPA 70 – NEC: Limited Application) • Four Parts to 70 E I. II. Installation Safety Requirements Now Chapter 4 (Articles 400 – 450) II. III. Safety Related Work Practices Now Chapter 1 (Articles 100 – 130) III. IV. Safety Related Maintenance Requirements Now Chapter 2 (Articles 200 – 250) IV. V. Safety Requirements for Special Equipment Now Chapter 3 (Articles 300 – 340)

History – • 1979: 1 st Edition (Part I Only) • 1981: 2 nd Edition (Added Part II) • 1983: 3 rd Edition (Added Part III) • 1988: 4 th Edition (Minor Revisions) • 1995: 5 th Edition (Revised Part I and II) • 2000: 6 th Edition (Revised Part II and Added IV) • 2004: 7 th Edition (Revised Title Format, and primarily Part II) • NEC format • Chapters/articles • Part II now Chapter 1

Scope – • Public and private premises including building, structures, mobile homes, RV’s, and floating buildings • Yards, lots, parking lots, carnivals, and industrial sub-stations • Installations used by electric utilities, such as offices, buildings, warehouses, garages, machine shops, recreational that are not an integral part of a generating plant, sub-station, or control station • Conductors that connect installations to a supply of electricity

Not Covered – • Installations in ships, watercraft, railway rolling stock, aircraft, or automotive vehicles other than mobile homes and RV’s • Installations underground in mines • Installation of railways • Installation of communication equipment (must be exclusive control of communication utilities) • Installation under exclusive control of electric utilities (service laterals/meters, rights-of-ways/easements, and property [owned or leased] for purpose of generation, transmission, transformation, etc. )

CHAPTER 1: Safety-Related Work Practices “On Hold For Further Examination”

Chapter 2: Safety Related Maintenance Requirements • Preserving or restoring the condition of electrical equipment and installations for employee safety. • Article 200 – Introduction • Article 205 – General Maintenance Requirements • Article 210 – Substations, Switchgear Assemblies, Switchboards, Panel Boards, Motor Control Centers, and Disconnect Switches • Article 215 – Premises Wiring • Article 220 – Controller Equipment • Article 225 – Fuses and Circuit Breakers • Article 230 – Rotating Equipment • Article 235 – Hazardous (Classified) Locations • Article 240 – Batteries and Battery Rooms • Article 245 – Portable Electric Tools and Equipment • Article 250 – Personal Safety and Protective Equipment (Inspections and Testing)

Chapter 3: Safety Requirements For Special Equipment • Special Equipment Includes: – – Article 300 – Introduction Article 310 – Electrolytic Cells Article 320 – Batteries/Battery Rooms Article 330 - Lasers

CHAPTER 4: INSTALLATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Based on NFPA 70 - NEC • Article 400 – General Requirements for Electrical Installations • Article 410 – Wiring Design and Protection • Article 420 – Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use • Article 430 – Specific Purpose Equipment and Installations • Article 440 – Hazardous (Classified) Locations: Class I, II, and III, Divisions I and II, and Class I, Zones 0, I and II • Article 450 – Special Systems

Chapter 1: SRWP Article 100 – Definitions A. Qualified Person B. Unqualified Person C. Limited Approach Boundary D. Restricted Approach Boundary E. Prohibited Approach Boundary F. Flash Protection Boundary G. Energized Electrical Work/Electrically Safe Work Condition Article 110 – General • Practices/Procedures for employees working on or near energized conductors/circuit parts and unqualified individuals with other equipment Change – Multi-employer worksites – “Hazcom”

• Training – – Risk of electrical hazard not reduced to a safe level by Chapter 4 – Classroom/OTJ – Degree determined by risk – Include emergency procedures: First Aid/CPR, Methods of Release

• Qualified Persons – Precautionary Techniques – PPE – Insulating/Shielding Materials/Tools – Test Equipment – Distinguishing Live Parts – Determine Nominal/Voltage – Approach Distances – Hazard Evaluation (Including Non-electrical) – OJT personnel if under direct QP supervision

• Unqualified Persons – Awareness – Precautions – Hazards • Electrical Safety Program A. Provide awareness and self-discipline B. ID electrical safety principals – – – – – Inspect/evaluate Insulation and enclosure integrity Plan and document procedures Deenergize Anticipating the unexpected ID and minimize hazards Employee protection ID appropriate tools Personnel abilities Auditing

C. ID Electrical Safety Controls • Assumed “energized” • No bare-hand contact • Deenergizing procedures • Training • Equipment use for ID of hazards • Equipment training • Categorize tasks

D. ID procedures when working on >50 volts • Purpose • Qualifications • Hazard/extent of task • Limits of approach • Safe work practices • PPE • Insulating tools/materials • Special precautions • Diagrams/details/pictures • References

E. Hazard/risk evaluation procedures F. Job briefing(s) – each shift or more 1. G. Work Permit Procedures 2.

CHAPTER II – General Requirements For Electrical Work Practices • On/near exposed electric conductors • “Electrically safe” work conditions – Exceptions - 50 volts – Additional increased hazard – Operations or equipment design

Article 120 – Establishing On Electrically Safe Work Condition * Must follow LO/TO procedures and confirm (Test)* - Reference 29 CFR 1910. 147 Article 130 – Working On or Near Live Parts Change – A. Energized Electrical Work Permit - Circuit/equipment description - Justification - Safe work practices - Shock hazard analysis and boundaries - PPE - Documentation of job briefing - Authorization *Exception – - Voltage measurements - Testing - Troubleshooting B. Shock Hazard Analysis/Boundaries

• Approach Boundaries –Limited –Restricted –Prohibited

• Flash Hazard Analysis and Boundaries – 4 ft ( 600 volts and not greater than 300 k. A cycles) – Calculation of boundary (incident energy) for >600 volts • Boundary at 5 j/cm 2 (1. 2 cal/cm 2) – PPE – Conform to ANSI/ASTM criteria

“Hazard/Risk Category Classification” Table • Categories 1 – 4 (can be -1) PPE ranges from t-shirt/pants to flash suits and shields • Also addresses need for voltage rated gloves and tools • Clothing material Category “ 0” – natural fibers (weight >4. 5 oz/yd 2) (assume <2 cal/cm 2) Category “ 1” – flame resistant (4 cal/cm 2) Category “ 2” – “ 1” plus cotton underwear (8 cal/cm 2) Category “ 3” – “ 2” plus FR coveralls (25 cal/cm 2) Category “ 4” – “ 2” plus multi-layer flash suit (40 cal/cm 2) • Synthetics which melt below 600 o F

LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY • No unqualified persons, unless advised of hazards, escorted by QP • Conditions for qualified persons – Flash protection RESTRICTED APPROACH BOUNDARY • Qualified person: Do not cross or take a conductive object past, unless: – Person is insulated – Live part is insulated – Person is insulated from other conductive objects PROHIBITED APPROACH BOUNDARY • Qualified person – Only if body part is insulated

PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT (PPE) • Conform to ANSI/ASTM Standards – Based on hazard/risk evaluations

• OTHER COMPONENTS: – Alertness – Blind reaching – Illumination: ANSI IES-RP-7 -1991 Generally 50 -100 foot candles depending on: – Age – Speed – Accuracy – Background Reflection – Conductive Articles

OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT • • • Insulated tools (within Limited Approach Boundary) Ropes/handlines Grounding equipment/GFCI’s Ladders Rubber insulating equipment Physical/mechanical barriers: no closer than “Restricted Approach Boundary” Alerting • Signs/tags • Barricades • Attendants

USE OF SPECIFIC SAFETY RELATED EQUIPMENT AND WORK PRACTICES • • • Test instruments Energizing/de-energizing Portable electrical equipment Conductive work locations (GFCI’s) Connecting plugs LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PRACTICES AND DEVICES