Overview of Industrial Radiography Sources Authorization and Inspection

Overview of Industrial Radiography Sources

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 Objective To understand the applications of industrial radiography. Contents The beneficial uses of ionizing radiation as used in industrial radiography practices 2

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 What is Industrial Radiography? Industrial radiography is: • a process of non-destructive testing for examining the quality of a component or product; • most often utilized for quality control of metal fabrication for the oil / gas industry; • also used to test a range of other products. 3

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Imaging Principles Module 1. 2 4

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 Overview of Industrial Radiography Equipment Knowledge is required of: • the devices that use ionizing radiation from radiation sources (radioactive substances and x-ray devices) for industrial radiography; • the types of radionuclides and activities used; • work environments, that may range from clean laboratories to fabrication workshops and mining environments; • equipment design and the work procedures that are essential to protect both the radiation worker and the public. 5

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 History • Roentgen discovers x -rays in 1895 • Early x-ray tubes were unreliable • Vacuum x-ray tube and heated filament (Coolidge-1913) • 200 k. Vp achieved in 1922 6

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 History (cont) • 1930 s and 1940 s 226 Ra was used. • 60 Co and 192 Ir after World War II 7

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 Types of Industrial Radiography Equipment Common • gamma source projectors • directional x-ray • panoramic x-ray • x-ray crawlers • gamma crawlers • crawler control sources Uncommon • betatron • linear accelerator • neutron radiography • torch devices • fluoroscopy 8

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 X-ray Equipment Has three main components: • x-ray tube assembly; • x-ray control panel; • high tension (HT) cables. 9

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 Betatron Special Considerations • survey meters with appropriate response • operator training • shielding 10

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 Gamma crawler equipment Special applications • on-shore pipelines. • off-shore pipelines (on a barge). • remotely controlled with a separate ‘control’ source, typically 137 Cs. 11

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1. 2 Projector-type radiography equipment 12

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Source containers Module 1. 2 Source containers must comply with recognized standards to ensure that exposures to users and the public are kept As Low As Reasonable Achievable. The shielding of source containers must remain intact following any credible accident or incident. The shielding of this container (right) remained intact following a severe fire at the licensed premises. 13

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Real-time Radiography Module 1. 2 14