Overview of Classical Greece The Geography of Greece

Overview of Classical Greece

The Geography of Greece

Bronze Age Greece

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Early Athenian Lawgivers • Draco - “draconian” • Solon • Cleisthenes created the first democracy!

Persian Wars: 499 BC – 480 BC

Persian Wars: Famous Battles • Marathon (490 BC) - 26 miles from Athens • Thermopylae (480 BC) - 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass • Salamis (480 BC) - Athenian navy victorious

Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BC – 429 BC

The Parthenon

The Acropolis Today

Great Athenian Philosophers • Socrates - Know thyself! - question everything - only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness. • Plato - The Academy - the world of the FORMS -The Republic philosopher-king

Great Athenian Philosophers • Aristotle - the Lyceum - “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation] - Logic - Scientific method.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences • DRAMA (tragedians): - Aeschylus - Sophocles - Euripides • THE SCIENCES: - Pythagoras - Democritus all matter made up of small atoms. - Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”

The Agora

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

SPARTA

SPARTA

Peloponnesian Wars

Macedonia Under Philip II

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great’s Empire

The Hellenization of Asia

Hellenistic Philosophers • Cynics Diogenes - ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries. - citizens of the world. - live a humble, simple life. • Epicurians Epicurus - avoid pain & seek pleasure. - all excess leads to pain! - politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic Philosophers • Stoics Zeno - nature is the expansion of divine will. - concept of natural law. - get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all. - true happiness is found in great achievements.

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire