Outlining Observations USE THE OUTLINE FORM Online on

Outlining Observations • USE THE OUTLINE FORM – Online on my website on the HW page – Better for review later • Read the chapter section FIRST, then outline • Key Terms – Highlight (better for review later) – Define • Weed out very specific details—SUMMARIZE • Use own words • Capitalization and spelling—if you don’t do it when you’re reading it from a book, you’ll never do it!

Bellringer • Have out your notes from last class—we need to discuss timelines! • What do you remember from last class? – We will talk about this as a group. Be ready for me to ask you questions! • Did you update your table of contents? Did you put your papers away in your notebook? • BJOTD: What kind of music do they play at Stonehenge?

Bellringer • On a sheet of scrap paper, answer the following question: – What is archaeology and why is it important? • Did you update your table of contents? • Did you put any late work into the bin? • BJOTD: What’s an archaeologist?

Objectives • The Students will know: – The 5 early hominids – What archaeology is • The Students will be able to: – Describe the 5 hominids and place their origins in chronological order – Identify important archaeological sites and techniques

More Outlining Observations • Use the outline format from the website: – Bigger ideas are explained by the indented smaller ideas that come after them • For example: – 1. Homo erectus » a. known as “man of intelligence” » b. used technology • i. technology: applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet your needs • Underline/highlight key terms • Summarize—read the chapter first!

Archaeology Figuring out what dead people used to do.

Archaeology • Archaeology is the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, fossils, settlements, and other such remains.

How do scientists determine the age of artifacts? • Strata – If two items are located within the same strata of the ground, they are approximately the same age

And… • Carbon dating! – Archaeologists measure the amount of carbon 14 (14 C) remaining in artifacts or fossils. The amount remaining tells the age of the item.

Important archaeological sites • Are used to: – Help archaeologists understand early humans and their lifestyles. • Number One Find for an archaeologist?

Important sites What: Stonehenge Where: England When: Neolithic-Bronze Age

What: Aleppo Where: Fertile Crescent When: since 5000 BCE What: Jericho Where: Fertile Crescent When: 9000 BCE Archaeological Sites, contd.

The Five Early Hominids

What, more than anything else… • Shaped the lives of early humans? – Their physical environment and the availability of food

Map of early humans Travels of Early Humans in Africa Humankind began in Africa and from there travelled to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

Australopithecus • Time Period and Location – 4 million to 1 million BCE – Primarily found in East Africa

• Appearance – Brain 1/3 size of modern humans – Long arms, but humanlike legs. • Capabilities and Skills – Bipedal: walked on two feet – Small social groups – Nomadic: travelled from place to place in search of food

Homo habilis • Time Period and Location – 2. 5 -1. 5 million BCE – Africa

• Appearance – Face like Australopithecus, but larger brain – Apelike arms • Capabilities and Skills – Scavenger: gathered plants and ate meat – First to use stone tools

Homo erectus • Time Period and Location – 1. 6 million 30, 000 BCE – Asia, Africa, perhaps Europe

fi • Appearance – Large brain – Fully upright stance • Capabilities and Skills – Developed new ways of using tools • Digging, scraping – First group to use FIRE – First to create spoken language

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) • Time Period and Location – 100, 000 to 400, 000 yrs ago – Africa, Europe, western Asia and the Near East

• Appearance – Brain larger than modern humans – Shorter and stockier than modern humans • Capabilities and skills – Hunters and gatherers – Sophisticated tools (stone knives, spears) – Burials for the dead – Nomadic

Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnons) • Time Period and Location – 100, 000 yrs ago to the present – Over time, found all around the world

• Appearance – Large brain – Relatively slender bones • Skills – Hunters and gatherers • Men: meat • Women: berries – Advanced tools – Nomadic

Homo habilis vs. Homo erectus Category of Analysis D D S Why?

Category of Analysis D D S Why?

Your Archaeological Dig— 10 pts • Working individually, draw AND color an archaeological site for one of the hominids – If you were an archaeologist, what kinds of artifacts/bones would you find at a site for your hominid? How could you tell it was a specific hominid? – Include one item/artifact for each bullet below: • Hominids’ appearance (What would give you an idea of what it looked like? • How old was the hominid/what time period was it from? (What would tell you the time period? How would you know? ) • Location (where is your dig? ) • Hominids’ skills and abilities (What artifacts would help you understand what the abilities of the hominid are? ) • ON THE BACK—Explain in complete sentences WHY you chose these items or artifacts and how it can help you in your archaeological investigation.

Bellringer • With the people at your table and using your notes, please create a Venn diagram that compares Homo habilis with Cro-Magnons. **Be able to back up your answers with evidence! BJOTD: How did the hot dog vendor tackle his job?

Objectives • The Student will know: – The characteristics of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Age – The major advancement that led to the advancement of civilization • The Student will understand: – Human history has been furthered by the need to expand protect the young. • The Student will be able to: – Work with a partner to determine the characteristics of the Old and New Stone Ages – Compare and contrast the five hominids

Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) --begins with the start of Early Man 1. People were nomadic 2. Invention of the first tools 3. Learned how to make fire 4. Lived in clans 5. Developed oral language 6. Created “cave art”

And then something happened… • What major advancement by man led to the advancement of civilization? – Settled agriculture • How did it happen? – Warmer climates led to more crop growth • Why did it help man? – Agriculture led to permanent settlements

Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) Began about 10, 000 years ago (8, 000 BCE) 1. Developed agriculture 2. Domesticated animals 3. Used advanced tools 4. Made pottery 5. Developed weaving skills Çatalhöyük: Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia (modern Turkey)

• Typical house in Çatalhöyük

Test • 50 Multiple Choice Questions (35 minutes) – 40 SOL Style Questions (4 answer choices) – 10 AP Style Questions (5 answer choices) • 1 In-class Essay (40 minutes) – Words to know: identify and analyze • Identify: tell me what it is • Analyze: break it down into parts and explain the parts • Material – All in-class notes, outlines, and activities are fair game! • Review? – Morning help before test – After school by appointment