Outline I Comprehensible Input Theory II FreeWriting Approach

Outline: I. Comprehensible Input Theory II. Free-Writing Approach III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach IV. Conclusion

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach 1. Brainstorming: 與小組成員腦力激盪，討論與 主題相關之major points 2. Listing: 將所討論之major points逐條式列出 3. Making an Outline: 用key words，將列出的major points組織於大綱內 4. Freewriting: 根據大綱，盡情地以英文來表達 該如何寫出正確的英文寫作格式? 4

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach ■ What Is a Paragraph? → consists of one central idea ■ What Does a Paragraph Look Like? → give a title → indent the first line with 5 spaces → capitalize the first word → end each sentence with a period 5

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach ■ What Does a Paragraph Progress? → begins with a topic (main idea) sentence e. g. Convenience foods are easy to prepare. topic → followed by major points controlling idea → expanded with additional details/examples → connected with transitional words → concluded by a concluding sentence 6

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach <e. g. > Major point 1 Topic sentence Transitional word Automobile accidents occur for a variety of reasons. First, poor weather conditions are often responsible. When the roads Transitional are snowy, word icy or wet, it. Major is more to control a car. pointdifficult 2 example Accidents can also happen when certain parts of the automobile example Transitional word malfunction. Faulty brakes and defective tires, for example, have Major point 3 been blamed for many mishaps. But the most common cause of accidents is driver error. A careless, sleepy, or drunk driver is not fully alert and runs a high risk of having an accident. example Lack a concluding sentence 7

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach ■ What Is an Essay? → a piece of writing with several paragraphs ■ What Does an Essay Consist of? → an introductory paragraph → a body → a concluding paragraph 8

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach ■ Introductory Paragraph → A few general statements → A thesis statement * provide background information * attract reader’s attention * like a topic sentence to give overall plan of the essay * like a map to give directions * usually the last sentence 9

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach <e. g. > General statements A person born in the twentieth century has seen a lot of changes take place in almost all areas of human life. Some people are excited by the challenges that these changes offer; others want to return to the simpler, less automated life style of Major point 1 the past. Living in the twentieth century has certain advantages pointsome 2 such as a higher standard of living, but it Major also has Major point disadvantages such 3 as a polluted environment, the Major point 4 depersonalization of human relationships, and the weakening of spiritual values. Thesis statement 10

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach ■ Body → Subdivision of the topic → Like the major points of a paragraph 11

ESSAY n o cti u PARAGRAPH od r t In I. ody B. I I III. B ody IV. y clu on C V. Bo d n sio 12

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach ■ Concluding Paragraph → A summary of the major points OR a restatement of thesis statement in different words → Personal comments or opinions 13

III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach <e. g. > Transitional word Restatement of major points In conclusion, although the twentieth century has indeed given us a lot of advantages by making us richer, healthier and freer to enjoy our lives, it has, in my opinion, not made us wiser. The twentieth century has also made our earth dirtier, our people less humane, and our spiritual lives poorer. We should continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancements because they free us to pursue our interests and goals. However, we must make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in an increasingly impersonal, computerized worlds. Personal opinions 14