Outline Feedback Rough Draft Guidelines MLA Format Plagiarism

Outline Feedback Rough Draft Guidelines MLA Format & Plagiarism Andrea Kolich Arizona School for the Arts

Outline Feedback n n n Intro must be 6 sentences. Thesis must be underlined and broad enough to cover paper Topic sentence should be clear and must relate to evidence Conclusion should not bring up new info DO not make judgments (adj-beautiful, interesting, horrible, unique, etc. ) Make sure topic sentences are not too simple, variety in writing style Evidence should SHOW not TELL

Outline Feedback n Difference between SHOW vs TELL n Tell: üNiger has a strong mining industry. VS n Show: ü Niger mines 300 tons or iron ore each year leading to $200 million worth of exports.

Outline Feedback n Do NOT compare your country to America n Do NOT make western judgments n Be sure your history section is divided into 3: pre-colonial, post n Pre-colonial does not start when country was “discovered” by Europeans

Outline Feedback n Thesis must be specific enough so that any country cannot be inserted and it still work n Thesis must flow and be tied together. Do not list a bunch of facts n It should not repeat what you have already said in the intro n Must be broad enough to encompass all paper topics n Can be 2 sentences!

Outline Feedback You can combine sections if you don’t have enough information or if it flows better that way n Resource information belongs in economy, do not put in geography n For political systems-some countries may have de facto leaders. Make sure you have done ample research n If you have: Tunisia, Morocco, Libya, Egypt, Algeria-you must mention Arab Spring n

Outline Feedback n Never say you could not find information or information was not available; only present what you find n Do not make broad statements/generalizations – Like all countries, – Like many countries – Like most countries, – There economy is awful, terrible, etc.

Outline Feedback n. Use n Do formal English! not use: üA lot üSo many üA bunch üSecond person: you

What do I add to my outline? n. A hook n. Transitions n. In-text citations n. Headings

What is a hook? n. An essay hook is the first one or two sentences of your essay. It serves as an introduction and works to grab the reader's attention.

Hook Examples n Developing: Every country in Africa has been through a lot. Algeria is a country located on the Mediterranean coast. Senegal is a country that has had many cultural influences from other nations over the years, and still has a large amount of ethnic and cultural diversity. Ethiopia is a country located in Eastern Africa that is between the Great Rift Valley, making the terrain there rigid and rocky. Niger, a country that is known for its odd shape and growing culture. Not many people think about how much crops come from Ethiopia.

Hook Examples n Better: When people hear the word “independence”, it is often associated with freedom, liberation, and peace. Over the years, Nigeria has suffered many hardships in the colonialism movement, but have strongly maintained their government, economy, culture, and structure. The British has torn families apart and slaughtered the people of Ghana for no good reason. One main question that was asked after the research of the paper was, “If The Democratic Republic of the Congo is so rich in minerals, as well as other resources, why are they still struggling to support their people? ” n Best: Hawa Abdi, a human rights activist and physician once said, "I don't recognize my people anymore. I feel Somalia is lost. There is no Somalia. It is just a name. ".

Hook Examples n Best: "Blossoming" is a word that frequently appears when researching the country of Kenya---and while it applies to one of their primary exports--flowers, it means much more that literal blossoms. “By sun and fertile soil grown, our love and labour we give. We lay our future in thy hand, Together we'll always stand” (National Symbols). These lines stated in Uganda’s national anthem look towards creating a better future. Wole Soyinka, an African American poet and playwright who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for Literature, once said, “Nigeria has had the misfortune - no, the fortune - of seeing the worst face of capitalism anywhere in Africa. The masses have seen it, they are disgusted, and they want an alternative. ” As the inspirational Nelson Mandela once said, “ To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. ” This statement greatly applies to Botswana, and the country’s rise from colonial oppression.

MLA Format n Paper requires: ü Header ü Paper Title ü All paragraphs indented ½ “ using tab key ü 1” margins ü 12 pt font ü Double Spaced ü In-text citations ü Page numbers ü Works Cited Page ü May use headers (recommended) ü (Sample paper in Canvas under announcements & Files)

Quotes: When to use them n All copied information must in be in quotes. n If the copied information is more than two lines, it should be indented into one block quote. n Even if you use quotes, no more than 20% of your paper can be copied from your sources. n The purpose of a research paper is for you to write in your own words.

In text citations Why & When do I use them? n Why? ü To acknowledge your source(s) n When? ü ü ü Data Statistics Direct Quote from material (ALWAYS) Quote (person speaking) Paraphrasing heavily based on material When not to use: § General information § Information widely known § Original analysis that is your own §

In text citations n Indirect: Some researchers note that "children are totally insensitive to their parents' shyness" (Zimbardo 62). n Direct: Zimbardo notes that “children are totally insensitive to their parents’ shyness” (62). n Paraphrasing: Some researchers have observed that children seem unaware that their parents are considered bashful (Zimbardo 62).

In text citations n In-text citations for print sources with no known author n When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. n Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or n Italicize it if it's a longer work (e. g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number

In text citations n No Author- Print Examples: Ø Double agents are still widely in use (Spies 1215, 17). Ø With prices of energy at new highs, bikes have been increasingly used (“Alternative Transportation” 89).

In text citations n In-text citations for internet sources with no known author n When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. n Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e. g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number

In text citations n No Author-Online Examples: Ø Elephants are thought to be one of the smartest mammals (“Smart Elephants”). Ø Nineteen men and women were convicted (Salem Witchcraft Trials).

In text citations Citing a work by multiple authors n For a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation: n Best and Marcus argue that one should read a text for what it says on its surface, rather than looking for some hidden meaning (9). n The authors claim that surface reading looks at what is “evident, perceptible, apprehensible in texts” (Best and Marcus 9).

MLA Citations n Book Zimbardo, Philip G. Shyness: What It Is, What To Do About It. Cambridge, Mass. : Perseus Books, 1977. Print. n Essay/Chapter in a Book Swanson, Gunnar. "Graphic Design Education as a Liberal Art: Design and Knowledge in the University and The 'Real World. '" The Education of a Graphic Designer. Ed. Steven Heller. New York: Allworth Press, 1998. 13 -24. Print. ** Many of these examples came from the OWL at Purdue **

MLA Citations n Article Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu. " Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 15. 1 (1996): 41 -50. Print. n Article from a Database Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid. Twentieth-Century England. ” Historical Journal 50. 1 (2007): 173 -96. Pro. Quest. Web. 27 May 2009. ** Many of these examples came from the OWL at Purdue **

MLA Citations n Entire Website The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 6 September 2012. Page on a Website "How to Make Vegetarian Chili. " e. How. com. e. How, n. d. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. n ** Many of these examples came from the OWL at Purdue **

Overview n What It Is – Terminology – Four Types of Plagiarism n How to Avoid It – Methods – Proper Quotations – MLA-Proper Citations

Terminology: Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone else's work and attempting to "pass it off" as your own. This can apply to anything, from term papers to photographs to songs, even ideas!

Types of Plagiarism: Copying The most well-known and, sadly, the most common type of plagiarism is the simplest: copying. If you copy someone else's work and put your name on it, you have plagiarized.

Copying: An Example This one is pretty straightforward. If a writer copies, word for word, the text and does not acknowledge in any way that it another person’s work, the writer has committed plagiarism.

Sample: Turnitin report

Types: Patchwork Plagiarism The second kind of plagiarism is similar to copying and is perhaps the second most common type of plagiarism: patchwork plagiarism. This occurs when the plagiarizer borrows the "phrases and clauses from the original source and weaves them into his own writing" (Mc. Connell Library, Radford University) without putting the phrases in quotation marks or citing the author.

Sample Turnitin Report

Types: Paraphrasing Plagiarism The third type of plagiarism is called paraphrasing plagiarism. This occurs when the plagiarizer paraphrases or summarizes another's work without citing the source. Even changing the words a little or using synonyms but retaining the author's essential thoughts, sentence structure, and/or style without citing the source is still considered plagiarism.

Paraphrasing: An Example Children are completely insensitive to their parents' shyness and rarely label their parents as shy. Because the parents are the authority and controlling figures in the home, they may not feel shy and therefore not show their shy side. Moreover, during the formative years, parents are seen as omnipotent and omniscient and not stupid, unattractive, or pathetic; it may be frightening for children to view their parents in terms of shyness.

Types: Unintentional The fourth type of plagiarism is called unintentional plagiarism -- it occurs when the writer incorrectly quotes and/or incorrectly cites a source they are using. How is this plagiarism, if the author didn't mean to do it?

Types: Unintentional If a writer has incorrectly quoted or incorrectly cited a source, it could be misconstrued as dishonesty on the writer's part. The dishonest usage of another's work is most often considered plagiarism. Therefore, the incorrect usage of another's work, whether it's intentional or not, could be taken for "real" plagiarism.

Avoiding Plagiarism Avoiding plagiarism is quite simple. The best method for avoiding it is to simply be honest; when you've used a source in your paper, give credit where it's due. Acknowledge the author of the original work you've used.

Avoiding Plagiarism n Another way to avoid plagiarism is to use your own work as often as possible. Quoting and citing sources is usually required and inevitable when doing research -- that's how you "back up" your own work. But using someone else's work excessively can be construed as plagiarism. n Another way to it is to quote and/or cite your sources properly. n If in doubt, put quotes around two or more words you have copied

Turnitin n You should run your paper through turnitin. com n All papers in this class will be run through turnitin. com n Turnitin. com determines if information has been copied from another source.

Consequences for Plagiarism n Consequences for plagiarism can vary. n The first offense will result in a 0 on your assignment. Your parents will be notified n The second offense can lead to a 0 in the course, suspension or expulsion depending on the case n If you have questions, ask before you submit your final copy

Bibme: An option to help you format n You may use online websites to help you format your reference page n One site is Bibme. org n Be sure to select MLA formatting

Bibme: An option to help you format n The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/ n http: //www. bibme. org/