Outgroup comparison Outgroup camparison outgroup is used for

Outgroup comparison

Outgroup camparison - outgroup is used for character polarity - outgroup is used for tree rooting ingroup outgroup

Selecting Outgroup - Do not choose an outgroup that is very distantly related to your taxa. This may result in serious topolocical errors because sites may have become saturated with multiple mutations by which information may have been erased. - Do not choose either an outgroup that is too closely related to the taxa in question. In this case it may not be a true outgroup. - The use of more than one outgroup generally improves the estimate of tree topology.

Assignment: Selecting Outgroup - Dipterocarpaceae, Tiliaceae and Guttiferae are closely related plant families. - Family Dipterocarpaceae is divided into 3 subfamilies (Dipterocarpoideae, Pakaraimoideae and Monotoideae). - There are 17 genera in the family Dipterocarpaceae, i. e. Pakaraimaea, Dryobalanops, Shorea, Neobalanocarpus, Parashorea, Hopea, Dipterocarpus, Vatica, Upuna, Anisoptera, Cotylelobium, Stemonoporus, Vateriopsis, Vateria, Monotes, Marquesia and Pseudomonotes.

Family Dipterocarpaceae Subfamily Pakarimoideae Subfamily Monotoideae Subfamily Dipterocarpoideae Genus Pakaraimaea Genus Monotes Marquesia Pseudomonotes Genus Dipterocarpus Anisoptera Upuna Cotylelobium Vatica Vateriopsis Stemonoporus Dryobalanops Parashorea Neobalanocarpus Hopea Shorea

Study One Select two outgroup taxa for the phylogenetic study of these ingroup taxa: Shorea parvifolia, S. leprosula, S. lepidota, S. kunstleri, S. paucifolia, S. roxburghii, S. farinosa, S. seminis, S. sumatrana, S. collaris, S. rubella, S. palembanica, S. ovata, S. rubra

Study Two Select two outgroup taxa for the phylogenetic study of these ingroup taxa: Shorea lepidota, Shorea kunstleri, Shorea rubra, Hopea odorata, Hopea dryobalanoides, Neobalanocarpus heimii, Dipterocarpus kunstleri, Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Dipterocarpus costatus, Vatica odorata, Vatica oblongifolia, Cotylelobium mlanceolatum, Anisoptera costata, Anisoptera curtisii, Upuna borneensis, Dryobalanops aromatica, Dryobalanops oblongifolia

Study Three Select two outgroup taxa for the phylogenetic study of these ingroup taxa: Shorea kunstleri, Shorea rubra, Hopea odorata, Neobalanocarpus heimii, Dipterocarpus kunstleri, Dipterocarpus costatus, Vatica odorata, Cotylelobium mlanceolatum, Anisoptera costata, Anisoptera curtisii, Upuna borneensis, Dryobalanops aromatica, Monotes sp. , Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea, Pseudomonotes sp.