Outbursts and State Transitions in Black Hole Candidates

Outbursts and State Transitions in Black Hole Candidates observed by MAXI Hitoshi Negoro (Nihon U. ) & MAXI Team

Outline • Black Hole Transients/Transient Events observed with MAXI • Discovery of a new black-hole candidate MAXI J 1659 -152 • Comparison with. . – XTE J 1752 -223 – Soft state transitions in Cyg X-1 and GX 339 -4 • Some comments on other BHCs • What triggers the state transition ? • Summary

Black Hole Candidates MAXI J 1659 -152 (#2873) Swift J 1753. 5 -0127 (#2341) Cyg X-1 (#2711) GRS 1915+105 H 1743 -322 (#2364, 2378, 2774) XTE J 1752 -223 (#2259, 2378*, 2396) 4 U 1630 -47 (#2363) GX 339 -4 (#2380) LMC X-1, X-3 ATel # in Red : Possible State Transition

(MAXI 2 - 20 ke. V) Discovery of MAXI J 1659 -152 MAXI/GSC triggered (Negoro+ ATel 2783) Swift/BAT triggered (Mangano+ GCN 11296) as GRB 20100928 A Nova Alert System: Ozawa+ Suwa+

State Transitions in MAXI J 1659 -152 2 - 20 ke. V see RXTE results by Yamaoka+

Color-Intensity Diagram MAXI J 1659 -152 2 -20 ke. V Flux “Stable” Intermediate (very high? ) State Soft State Hard State

Color-Intensity Diagram Comparison with XTE J 1752 -223 Soft State “stable” 2 nd hard state ? Nakahira+ 2010, also see Poster

Cyg X-1 and GX 339 -4 both in the soft state ? Cyg X-1 GX 339 -4

Soft State Transition in GX 339 -4 Yamaoka+ ATel 2380 see Shidatsu+

Color-Intensity Diagram GX 339 -4 Finder+ 04

Soft? State Transition in Cygnus X-1 Negoro+ ATel 2711

Color-Intensity Diagram Cygnus X-1

Color-Intensity Diagram GX 339 -4 (color) and Cyg X-1 (black) Also see Tomida+ SSC result

Cyg X-1 Short-term Variability GX 339 -4

Outbursts in H 1743 -322 Nakahira+ Yamaoka+ ATel 2364, 2378 ATel 2774

Outburst in 4 U 1630 -472 Tomida+ ATel 2363 no BG subtraction

Swift J 1753. 5 -0127 Negoro+ ATel 2341 SSC 1 yr Image (Kimura+)

Nature of the Soft Excess Component in Swift J 1753. 5 -0127 ~ days ? Short-term ? Miller+ 2006 Hiemstra+ 2008 Durant+ 2008

Soft-State Source or Intermediate-State Source ? cf. Gierlinski & Newton 2006 XTE J 1752 -223 Dark and Fast Transition GX 339 -4 MAXI J 1659 -152 Bright and Slow Transition Cyg X-1

What makes a big wall of the ratio 0. 5 (jet line) ?

Discussion Yu+ 2007 Yu et al. found a positive correlation between the peak luminosities of the hard state and those of the soft state.

Intensity Discussion The soft state transition is not directly associated with an absolute m-dot value (? ). This suggests magnetic force plays some important role. Oda+ (2009) explained two types of soft-state transitions by a magnetically supported disk model. The disk is still supported magnetically ? Color

Summary • MAXI observed X-ray outbursts from H 1743 -322, 4 U 1630 -472, GX 339 -4, XTE J 1752 -223, and MAXI J 1659152. • MAXI also observed many state transitions including transitions in Swift J 1753. 5 -0127 and Cyg X-1. • Color-Intensity diagrams of these sources show two types of transitions to the soft (and intermediate) state. – Cyg X-1 and MAXI J 1659 -152 are stable in the intermediate (very high) state. – GX 339 -4 and XTE J 1752 -223 are stable in the soft state. • The magnetically supported disk model is favorable to the observed features of the intermediate state. • The following futures are, however, still open questions. – luminosity dependence – Regularity – Environment(? ) dependence (difference in initial magnetic force)

End

MAXI J 1659 -223 • Stable “Intermediate” State • Short-term “Soft” State

Neutron Star Studies XTE J 1709 -267 (#2425) 4 U 1608 -52 (#2462) Cyg X-3 (#2404, 2635) 4 U 1711 Cir X-1 (#2608, 2674) (#2425) 4 U 2206+54 (#2271) NGC 6440 GX 304 -1 (#2297) (#2360) A 0535+26 (#2277) V 0332+53 (#2369, 2427) LS V +44 17 (#2527) 4 U 1954+319 (#2702) ATel # in Yellow : Burst or Flare 4 U 1323+619 (#2399) LMC X-4 ATel # in Red : Possible State Transition

Black Hole Studies PCA MAXI Swift J 1753. 5 -0127 (#2341) Swift+MAXI PCA MAXI XTE J 1752 -223 (#2259, 2378*, 2396) Cyg X-1 (#2711) GRS 1915+105 H 1743 -322 (#2364, 2378) 4 U 1630 -47 (#2363) GX 339 -4 (#2380) LMC X-1, X-3 PCA ATel # in Red : Possible State Transition

Discovery of MAXI J 1659 -152 triggered 10: 08 triggered 08: 05