Our Healthy Bodies How Our Body Works The

Our Healthy Bodies

How Our Body Works • The body is organized into systems that work together and depend on each other. • The nervous system: ▫ Includes the brain and sense organs ▫ Gathers and responds to information about the environment. ▫ Directs many body functions such as movement

How the Body Works • Digestive System: ▫ Includes mouth and stomach ▫ Takes food and breaks it down into smaller molecules that can be used by cells • The Circulatory System: ▫ Includes the heart and blood ▫ Delivers the molecules in the body to the cells that need them.

How the Body Works • Respiratory System: ▫ Includes the lungs ▫ Cells need oxygen to perform cellular respiration ▫ Takes in oxygen from the air and passes it to the circulatory system. The circulatory system transports the oxygen to cells. • Both circulatory and respiratory system get rid of materials the body doesn’t need. ▫ Circulatory system carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells ▫ Respiratory system releases carbon dioxide and water vapor to the air

Food and Health • The food you eat contains a variety of nutrients. • Starches: ▫ Potatoes, pasta, and bread ▫ Help with energy for the body • Proteins: ▫ Meats, fish, cheese, beans, dairy products ▫ Helps for building materials in the body

Food and Health • Vitamins and Minerals ▫ Help body function properly ▫ Found in fruits and vegetables • Lipids ▫ Can provide energy and help with growth ▫ Includes fats and oils ▫ Foods fried in oil or butter contain large amounts of lipids

Food and Health • Eating a diet that has a good variety of nutrients will give the body the energy it needs • If a person eats more nutrients than needed it could cause them to become overweight. • This could cause damage to the heart and other health problems.

How to Stay Healthy • Fruits and vegetables should make up most of a person’s diet. • Regular exercise is important. It keeps the heart and muscles strong. • Exercise uses energy from the food you eat, which can help maintain a healthy weight

Tobacco and Your Health • Tobacco products are toxic and cause harm to the body. • When people smoke cigarettes they intake carbon monoxide. When this enters the body it interferes with the ability for blood to carry oxygen to the body.

Tobacco • Tar from cigarette smoke affects the lining of the respiratory system making it harder to get rid of waste from the body. • Tar and tobacco contain substances that cause cancer to the lungs, mouth, throat, and stomach.

Tobacco and Health • Smoking causes emphysema which reduces the ability for the lungs to absorb oxygen. • Using tobacco causes the body to absorb nicotine. People become addicted to nicotine which makes it difficult to quit smoking. • Secondhand smoke also causes health problems especially in children. • Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to have asthma and respiratory infections.

Alcohol, Drugs, and Health • A drug is a substance that causes change in a person’s body or behavior. • Some drugs are useful substances when used correctly. • The use of a drug in an unhelpful way is called drug abuse

Alcohol, Drugs and Health • Drugs affect the body in many ways. • Many drugs affect the nervous system: loss of appetite or nervousness. • Long term affects of drug abuse are brain damage, memory loss, heart and liver damage.

Alcohol, Drugs, and Health • Alcohol is considered a drug because it is often abused. • Alcohol affects judgment and causes people to react slowly. • Accidents are increased when people drink and drive. • Alcohol is involved in almost 1/3 of deaths caused by car accidents.