Ottoman empire THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Learning Goal 1

Ottoman empire THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE! • Learning Goal 1: Explain what was significant about the organization of the Ottoman Empire and describe the impact the Ottomans had on global trade. (TEKS/SE’s 1 D, 7 D)

Ottoman empire THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE! • What was important about the Ottoman Empire & how did the Ottomans impact the world?

Who were the Ottomans? • Turks from Central Asia • They were forced west as the Mongols ruled & invaded Eurasia but gained power after the Mongols collapsed • Created an new Islamic empire after the Mongols dominance ended What are they known for? • • Great horseman, great warriors, and a very organized military Hired as “military contractors” for the Caliphates

How did the Ottomans gain power? • The Byzantine Empire was weakened by the Crusades in which Western European Crusaders attacked and raided Constantinople • Beginning of the end of the Byzantine Empire • Strong leaders were able to expand into the Byzantine • Organized, loyal military

Ottoman Rise to Power 1299 Osman I: • Founder of the Ottoman empire • Warrior Chief • Unites Turks & begins conquest in Anatolia (Turkey) • Takes land from Byzantine Empire • Ruled 1299 -1324 Rulers of the Ottoman empire became known as SULTANS

Mehmet II (Mehmet the The Fall of Conqueror) Constantinople 1453 • 1453 – Captured Constantinople • Long siege • • Emperor of Byzantine Empire pled for help from European Christians no response. • No allies helped the Byzantines • End of the Byzantine Empire • Renamed Constantinople Istanbul • Istanbul becomes capital city of the Ottoman Empire • Renaming shows their power • The Sultan and his lavish court ruled the entire empire from the capital city • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= Sultan Mehmet II's entry into Constantinople, painting by Fausto Zonaro

How did the empire expand & flourish? • Under Mehmet II & successors, the Empire continued to expand • Took control of the Eastern Mediterranean • Ottoman Empire = center of trade between Europe & Asia • became the Middlemen of global trade • Profited from charging taxes & customs on European & Asian traders passing through • Reunited most of the Muslim world under their rule

Suleiman The Magnificent: The Height of the Ottoman Empire • Suleiman I (Suleiman the Magnificent) - r. 1520 -1566 • Under Suleiman the Ottoman Empire reached its height • By 1526 had conquered Balkans, Greece, Hungary, & almost captured Vienna • By the mid 1600’s Ottomans ruled an empire nearly the size of the Roman Empire

Why did the Ottoman Empire decline? • After Suleiman the Magnificent died, the Empire went into gradual decline • Military defeats • 1571 – Battle of Lepanto • Naval battle of coast of Greece • Ottomans vs. combined European force • 1 st major defeat for the Ottomans • This was followed by another major defeat In Vienna • Suddenly, the Ottomans did not seem so strong… Battle of Lepanto • Govt. corruption & mismanagement • Economic problems – Europeans had discovered new sea routes to go around the Ottomans, so the Ottomans were earning less $$

How were the Ottomans able to conquer such a large territory? Janissaries: soldiers of an elite group of Ottoman troops who were paid for their service • Extremely well trained, respected, and cared for Devshirme system • Recruited boys in conquered Christian territories into the Ottoman army • Converted them to Islam • Carefully trained & placed into army positions • Well cared for, so little rebellion occurred

How was life in the Islamic Ottoman Empire organized? Millet: community of non-Muslims organized by religion and/or ethnicity with in the Ottoman Empire -Purpose: prevent conflict between religious groups -Non-Muslims were taxed at a higher rate but had rights -Millets handled religious issues and kept detailed records

How was life in the Islamic Ottoman Empire organized? Guilds: groups of artisans who produce the same goods (ex: baker, shoemaker) Role: -Distributed material -Set price -Cared for members -The guilds regulated the quality and price of manufactured goods

Ottoman Video Clips • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Tz. YM 1 VIm. Ky. M