Ottoman Empire ca A D 1700 Imperial History

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Four Generic Types of Cultures 2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures Ch. Ch.

Fig. 1. 2. Four Generic Types of Cultures (p. 15) INDIVIDUALISM Low (horizontal) POWER

Four Generic Types of Cultures 2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures authority ranking

Four Generic Types of Cultures 2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures frequently, such

Four Generic Types of Cultures 2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures there is

Cultural Metaphors Unit of analysis in the book = the nation or national culture

Geert Hofstede (1991) IBM study demonstrated that national culture explained 50% of the differences

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Ottoman Empire, ca A. D. 1700 Imperial History of the Middle East: 5000 Years of History in 90 seconds

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Four Generic Types of Cultures 2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures Ch. Ch. 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 The Thai Kingdom The Japanese Garden India: The Dance of Shiva Bedouin Jewelry and Saudi Arabia The Turkish Coffeehouse The Brazilian Samba The Polish Village Church Kimchi and Korea

Fig. 1. 2. Four Generic Types of Cultures (p. 15) INDIVIDUALISM Low (horizontal) POWER DISTANCE High (vertical) COLLECTIVISM Equality Matching Community Sharing (interval) (nominal) Market Pricing Authority Ranking (ratio) (ordinal)

Four Generic Types of Cultures 2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures authority ranking found in large parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America involves a psychological relationship between the leader or leaders and all others in the culture

Four Generic Types of Cultures 2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures frequently, such a culture is symbolized not by the handshake, which reflects equality, but by different forms of bowing

Four Generic Types of Cultures 2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures there is a dynamic, two-way relationship between subordinates and leaders in authority ranking cultures • although the leaders receive more rewards, they are responsible for safeguarding the livelihoods of subordinates

Cultural Metaphors Unit of analysis in the book = the nation or national culture Other “units of analysis” may include: one person (e. g. , Paul Buffalo) the family (e. g. , Strodtbeck) the community a region a culture

Culture Counts and it counts quit a bit

Geert Hofstede (1991) IBM study demonstrated that national culture explained 50% of the differences in attitudes in IBM’s 53 countries (p. 5)