Ottoman and Safavid Empires CHAPTER 11 SECTION 5

Ottoman and Safavid Empires CHAPTER 11 SECTION 5 MR. SCHOFF

1450 -1650 Mughals – India 2. Ottomans – Middle East, parts of Eastern Europe 3. Safavids – Middle East, parts of Eastern Europe 1. � New weapons -> Ottoman cannons, muskets (mounted warriors? ) Weaponry leads to power, power leads to stronger central governments � AGE OF GUNPOWDER EMPIRES!

Ottoman Musket

How a Musket works…

Ottomans �Turkish-speaking nomads from Central Asia -> Asia Minor -> SE Europe �Captured Constantinople in 1453 (Muhammad II) – 200 -year rule �Suleiman the Magnificent Brilliant, wise, capable Sent waves of fear through Western Europe Ruled the largest, most powerful empire in Europe/Middle East for centuries “Lawgiver”, caliph, “Protector of the Sacred Places”

Ottomans’ Social Classes 1. Men of the pen – scientists, lawyers, judges, poets 2. Men of the sword – soldiers 3. Men of negotiation – merchants, tax collectors, artisans 4. Men of husbandry – farmers, herders � Non-Muslims – millets – religious communities � Ottomans = Muslim empires Recruit officers for army/gov’t from conquered peoples

Ottoman Army and Government �What does a “tax” mean (for Christians in OE)? �Forced to… �…turn over young sons to the government!!!

Ottoman Army �Boys were converted to Islam, rigorous military �Best of the best – janizaries – elite force of O Army �Non-Muslim girls – slaves in wealthy Muslim households Could be freed after death of their masters �O Army cannot keep up with the European military technology, OE declines in 1700 s

Safavid Empire = Sandwich Empire �Persia – present-day Iran �Sandwiched between 2 expansionist powers – Mughals, Ottomans �Warfare Religion �Ottomans – Sunni Muslims �Safavids – Shiite Muslims – seen as heretics

Shah (king) Abbas the Great �Revived glory of Persia �Mixture of force + diplomacy + European alliances = Powerful military �Reduced taxes, grew industry, tolerant, built new capital Isfahan (int’l silk trade) Porcelains, rugs, clothes �Abbas in disguise – swarms of people, yet still asked about problems, punished the guilty

Safavid Decline �Decline began shortly following death of Shah Abbas �Safavid officially fell in 1722 �New dynasty took over – Qajars won Iran Capital of Tehran, until 1925

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