OTEC Environmental Impact Operational Noise OTEC Warm Water

OTEC Environmental Impact • 1981 EIS+: update to current oceanographic standards • What data

Discharge plume: what data is available? The Hawaii Ocean Time Series (HOTS) – 1989

Entrainment: Warm Water Pipe Boehlert and Mundy 1994. Mar Ecol. Prog. Ser. 107: 1

Entrainment: Cold Water Pipe Entrainment: NELHA deep water pipe 2 months, 2009 18 Fish

Baseline monitoring • Stakeholder meeting++ – – Oceanography : 3 years Ichthyoplankton: 1 year+

Baseline Monitoring Suggestions 1 year: Nutrients, trace metals, and deep water carbon cycle cafethorium.

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OTEC Environmental Impact Operational Noise OTEC Warm Water Intake: • Entrainment • Impingement Cold water intake: • Entrainment Biota attraction or avoidance Discharge Plume: • Redistribution of nutrients • Algae blooms • Altered temperature and p. H • Where will it settle?

OTEC Environmental Impact • 1981 EIS+: update to current oceanographic standards • What data do we need? Stakeholder meeting, June 2010 – Oceanography: baseline nutrients, carbon cycle, T, S, O – Plankton, fish larvae: distributions and density – Megafauna habitat use • What data is already available? NOAA. 1981. Ocean thermal energy conversion final environmental impact statement. ” OME. NOAA. 2010. “OTEC: Assessing potential physical, chemical, and biological impacts and risks. ” CRRC. 39 pp.

Discharge plume: what data is available? The Hawaii Ocean Time Series (HOTS) – 1989 – present – Temperature, Salinity, oxygen, p. H, chlorophyll a Gaps in data: • Nutrients (1989 -2001 only) • Alkalinity and DIC at deep depths • Trace metals

Entrainment: Warm Water Pipe Boehlert and Mundy 1994. Mar Ecol. Prog. Ser. 107: 1 -13 +Seapy. 2008. Mar. Biol. 154(6): 985 -995 ++Poe and Norenburg. 1999. Deep-Sea Res. (1 Oceanogr. Res. Pap. ) 46(7): 1201 -1220

Entrainment: Cold Water Pipe Entrainment: NELHA deep water pipe 2 months, 2009 18 Fish 21 Crustaceans 30 Cnidarians 62 West Hawai’i Explorations Academy Other Invertebrates Flow rate of 0. 8 m 3/s Compare to pilot plant: 25 m 3/s and commercial plant: 500 m 3/s

Baseline monitoring • Stakeholder meeting++ – – Oceanography : 3 years Ichthyoplankton: 1 year+ Marine Mammals and turtles: 1 year Plankton: 2 years • Taking into account available datasets….

Baseline Monitoring Suggestions 1 year: Nutrients, trace metals, and deep water carbon cycle cafethorium. whoi. edu Discrete-depth sampling for bacteria, copepods, total biomass Consistent monitoring of CWP at NELHA Don’t forget: Background acoustics Fishing/backscatter for nekton Megafaunal habitat use