Osprey Power Incipient Fire Prevention and Extinguishing Todays
- Slides: 94
Osprey Power Incipient Fire Prevention and Extinguishing
Todays Training Purpose § Teach employees how to properly recognize an incipient fire, and determine the appropriate course of action. § Teach employees how to choose the appropriate extinguishing method for various fires encountered in the workplace. § Teach employees how to properly use various types of fire extinguishers. STC - Incipient Firefighting 2
Todays Training Purpose § Teach employees how to properly handle and use handheld fire hoses § Discuss various fire prevention methods, based on hazard recognition and housekeeping practices § Discuss the different types of fixed extinguishing systems STC - Incipient Firefighting 3
Incipient Fire § Definition of Incipient Fire § 29 CFR 1910. 155(c)(26) defines “Incipient Stage Fire” as a fire which is in the initial or beginning stage and which can be controlled or extinguished by portable fire extinguishers, class II standpipes or small hose systems without the need for protective clothing or breathing apparatus STC - Incipient Firefighting 4
Is This an Incipient Fire? STC - Incipient Firefighting 5
Fire and Crowd Control § A small electrical fire broke out at a retail store. Officials say a clothes dryer in the store's hair salon suddenly caught fire. The employees noticed the smoke and activated the fire alarm. Customer were evacuated from the building while the store manager used a fire extinguisher to put out the blaze. There were no injures and very little damage. STC - Incipient Firefighting 6
Source Heat and Fire Where Does Heat Come From
• Sources of Heat Energy § There are three main types of heat sources. § Chemical § Electrical § Mechanical STC - Incipient Firefighting 8
Sources of Heat Energy § Chemical: § Heat of combustion § Spontaneous heating § Heat of decomposition § Heat of solution STC - Incipient Firefighting 9
Sources of Heat Energy § Electrical: § § § § Resistance heating Dielectric heating (microwaves) Leakage current heating Heat from arcing Static electricity Induction Heating Heat Generated by Lighting STC - Incipient Firefighting 10
Sources of Heat Energy § Mechanical -Frictional Heat -Friction Sparks -Heat of Compression STC - Incipient Firefighting 11
Heat Transfer § Then to transferring that heat is done in three different ways. § Conduction § Convection § Radiation STC - Incipient Firefighting 12
Heat Transfer § Conduction -Heat transferred by direct contact from one body to another is a process called conduction. § Good Conductors of heat – Copper, Silver, Iron & Steel § Poor Conductors of Heat – Wood, Styrofoam, Paper & Air STC - Incipient Firefighting 13
Heat Transfer § Convection - Transfer of heat by a circulating medium either a gas or a liquid § Example – How does the air in side a oven cook food ? § Answer – Heating elements heats the air and as the air circulates inside the oven it cooks the food STC - Incipient Firefighting 14
Heat Transfer § Radiation - A form of energy traveling across a space or through materials as electromagnetic waves , such as light , radio waves , or X-rays. § Example – Camp Fire, The Sun, Light bulb. STC - Incipient Firefighting 15
Important Terms § Why are these terms important to as we try to extinguisher a small fire ? § These terms provide us with information about the fire and how to extinguish the fire properly. § Boiling Point § Flashpoint § Flammable Range § Vapor Density § Vapor Pressure § MSDS § HMIS STC - Incipient Firefighting 16
Important Terms § § MSDS What does MSDS stand for ? Material Safety Data Sheet What can we find on a MSDS ? STC - Incipient Firefighting 17
HMIS § § § § § What does HMIS mean ? Hazardous Material Identification System Why is this system important ? Inform us to the hazard this material may present Blue- Health Red- Fire Yellow- Reactivity White- Special Hazard Zero- No Hazard Four- Greatest Hazard STC - Incipient Firefighting 18
Important Terms § Boiling Point - The temperature of a substance when the vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. § Water – 212 f. § Gasoline – 100 f. To 400 f. § Diesel – 309 f. to 700 f. STC - Incipient Firefighting 19
Important Terms § Flashpoint -The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface. -Gasoline: -45 degrees F -Diesel: 125 degrees F -Hydrogen: Above 100 degrees F STC - Incipient Firefighting 20
Important Terms § Flammable Range -The percentage of gas or vapor in air that will burn if ignited. Referred to as the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) , and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). -Gasoline: 2 -7% -Hydrogen: 5 -75% -Hydrazine: 2 -98% -Acetylene: 2 -100% -LP Gas: 2. 2 -9. 5% -Natural Gas: 5 -15% STC - Incipient Firefighting 21
Important Terms § Vapor Density -The weight of a gas as compared to air, with air having a value of one. Less than one and the gas will tend to rise and dissipate. If the gas is heavier than one it will sink and hug the ground, and will travel according to the terrain and wind direction. -Natural Gas – 0. 6 -Hydrogen – 0. 06960 -LP Gas – 1. 5223 -Chlorine- STC - Incipient Firefighting 22
Important Terms § Vapor Pressure -A measure of the tendency of a substance to evaporate. STC - Incipient Firefighting 23
Fire Behavior How Does Fire Start, Burn, and To Put It Out
Fire Behavior Fuel Characteristics § Forms: § Solid § Liquid § Gas STC - Incipient Firefighting 25
Fire Behavior § Everything burns in a gaseous state. § Solids: pyrolysize (chemical decomposition of a substance through the action of heat) § Liquids: vaporize, giving off fuel gases § Gaseous: fuels are the most dangerous, because they are in a natural state required for ignition. STC - Incipient Firefighting 26
Fire Triangle § How many element are in the fire Triangle? STC - Incipient Firefighting 27
Fire Triangle Chemical Reaction Heat Oxygen Fuel STC - Incipient Firefighting 28
Fire Triangle § Air contains approximately 21% Oxygen, 78% Nitrogen, and 1% other gases. § Fire Triangle; Smoldering mode § Fire Tetrahedron; Flaming mode. The burning process includes the uninhibited chemical chain reaction, between the heat, fuel, and the oxygen STC - Incipient Firefighting 29
Phases of Fire § Incipient: The earliest phase of a fire beginning with the actual ignition. § Steady-State Burning: The phase of the fire where sufficient oxygen and fuel are available for fire growth and open burning to a point where total involvement is possible. § Hot Smoldering: The phase when flames cease to exist, and may be reduce to glowing embers. STC - Incipient Firefighting 30
Products of Combustion § § When materials burn they undergo a chemical change. Four major products: § § § Heat Light Smoke Fire gases The content, color, and intensity of the smoke depend on the products burning. The gases given off from the burning process vary according to the products burning, but many are toxic. STC - Incipient Firefighting 31
Fire Extinguishment Theory How to Put Out A Fire
PPE § Remember when extinguishing an incipient fire to where your ppe. § Gloves § Work dress § Boots § Hardhat STC - Incipient Firefighting 33
Fire Extinguishment Theory § Extinguish the fire by limiting or eliminating one or more of the essential elements in the combustion process. § § By temperature reduction (cooling) By removing the fuel By oxygen dilution By chemical flame inhibition STC - Incipient Firefighting 34
Classes of Fires § Class A: Ordinary combustible such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and plastics. § Class B: Flammable and combustible liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, mineral spirits, paints, alcohols, methane, propane, hydrogen, and acetylene. § Class C: Those involving energized electrical equipment. § Class D: Involve combustible metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, sodium, and potassium. § Class K: Involves cooking appliances that are combustible cooking media. STC - Incipient Firefighting 35
Fire Extinguishers § Rating System: § Classified according to the types of fires for which they are intended. § Class A-1; 11/4 gallons of water. § Class B; 1 -B through 640 -B § Neither Class C nor Class D extinguishers are given a numerical rating. STC - Incipient Firefighting 36
Multiple Markings § § Combinations of the letters A, B, and/or C or the symbols for each class identify extinguishers suitable for more than one class of fire. Pictographs STC - Incipient Firefighting 37
Laptop Fire § Firefighters were called to a home on Wednesday morning after a laptop burst in to flames. Juli was at home reading e-mail on a different computer when the Sony Viao laptop caught on fire. “ Flames Started to shoot out from all different directions” Said Juli. She put out the fire with an extinguisher and called her husband at work to tell him what had happen. ” “The laptop burst into flames again while he was on the phone with Juli, So dropped the phone and called 911. The only damage was a smudge on the wall and extinguisher agent on the furniture. § Question: Was this an Electrical Fire? STC - Incipient Firefighting 38
Selection of Portable Extinguishers § § § Hazards to be protected Severity of anticipated fires Atmospheric conditions Personnel available Ease of handling extinguishers Special life hazards or operational concerns STC - Incipient Firefighting 39
Types of Extinguishers § § § Stored-Pressure Water Aqueous Film Forming Foam Halon Carbon Dioxide: Hand-held and wheeled units Dry Chemical: Hand-held and wheeled units Dry Powder: Used on combustible metal fires. STC - Incipient Firefighting 40
Types of Extinguishers STC - Incipient Firefighting 41
Types of Extinguishers STC - Incipient Firefighting 42
Types of Extinguishers STC - Incipient Firefighting 43
Types of Extinguishers STC - Incipient Firefighting 44
Types of Extinguishers STC - Incipient Firefighting 45
Using Portable Extinguishers Remember P-A-S-S § P-Pull the pin § A-Aim the nozzle § S-Squeeze the handle § S-Sweep the nozzle STC - Incipient Firefighting 46
Fixed Fire Extinguishment Systems In-Place Protection That Provides Immediate Extinguishment
Fire Hazard Recognition A Key Component to Prevention
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Housekeeping • • Improper housekeeping accounts for most fire and safety hazards in industrial facilities. Can contribute to fires, block access ways and exits. Identification and periodic inspections can reduce and prevent these situations. Improper waste management and buildup of operating materials. STC - Incipient Firefighting 92
Storage § Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases § § § Storage and handling Mechanical damage to containers and piping Product Storage § Blocked and hidden fire protection equipment; Sprinkler heads, fire extinguishers, hose stations, etc. STC - Incipient Firefighting 93
Flammable and Combustible Liquids § Use this chart to determine the classes of Liquids. STC - Incipient Firefighting 94
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