OSI Model Physical Layer Packet Tracer 10262021 Jaringan

OSI Model Physical Layer & Packet Tracer 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 1

Pendahuluan Lapisan fisik (Physical Layer) Lapisan ini merupakan lapisan paling bawah (dasar) yang bertugas mengendalikan dan mengatur semua hal yang berhubungan dengan masalah transport data, seperti: – Menentukan karakteristik kabel yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan komputer dengan jaringan; – Mentransfer dan menentukan bagaimana bit-bit data dikodekan; – Menangani interkoneksi fisik (kabel), mekanikal, 10/26/2021 Komputer 2 elektrikal, dan. Jaringan prosedural.

Physical layer Untuk meyatakan tiap frame menjadi bit data 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 3

Terminology • Data transmission across — Transmitter — Receiver — Medium • Guided medium – e. g. twisted pair, optical fibre, coaxial cable • Unguided medium – e. g. air, 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 4

Data Transmission Factors Bandwidth Berhubungan dengan kecepatan transmisi data Transmission Attenuation, Noise, Delay Interference 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 5 5

Operation Sebagai media tidak hanya membawa frame satu entitas, media transmisi membawa sinyal pembawa (carrie), satu waktu untuk menyatakan dalam bit untuk membentuk frame. Ada tiga dasar membetuk media jaringan pada data yaitu : – Copper cable – Fiber – Wireless 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 6

Operation 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 7

Standards The Physical layer technologies are defined by organizations such as: – The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) – The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) – The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) – The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) – The Electronics Industry Alliance/Telecommunications Industry 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 8 Association (EIA/TIA)

Fundamental principles Ada 3 fungsi dasar pada Physical layer yaitu : – The physical components – Data encoding – Signaling 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 9

Fundamental principles Elemen Pisik (physical) adalah perangkat elektronik, media dan penghubung pada transmisi dan membawa sinyal yang menyatakan bit. Encoding adalah metode yang mengkonversikan aliran data bit menjadi kode. Metode yang menyatakan bit di sebut 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 10 metode pensinyalan.

Encoding group bits Pola sinyal dapat di indikasikan : start of frame, end of frame, and frame contents. 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 11

Typical of physics media 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 12

Cooper media 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 13

Twisted Pair-Transmission Characteristics Analog Data Amplifiers every 5 km to 6 km Digital Data Use either analog or digital signals Repeater every 2 km or 3 km Limited bandwidth (1 MHz) Limited data rate (100 MHz) using different modulation & signalling techniques 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 14 14

Twisted Pair-Types Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ordinary telephone wire Easiest to install Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) The pair is wrapped with metallic foil or braid to insulate the pair from electromagnetic interference More expensive 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 15 15

Twisted Pair-UTP Categories CAT 1 Maximum Data Rate Less than 1 Mbps CAT 2 4 Mbps Mainly used in the IBM Cabling System for token ring networks CAT 3 16 Mbps Voice and data on 10 BASE-T Ethernet CAT 4 20 Mbps Used in 16 Mbps Token Ring Otherwise not used much CAT 5 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps (4 pair) 100 Mbps TPDDI (100 BASE-T or Fast Ethernet) 155 Mbps ATM Gigabit Ethernet CAT 5 E 100 Mbps TPDDI (100 BASE-T or Fast Ethernet) 155 Mbps ATM CAT 6 200 -250 MHz Super-fast Broadband Applications. Category 10/26/2021 Usual Application Analog voice (POTS), Integrated Services Digital Network Basic Rate Interface in ISDN Doorbell wiring Jaringan Komputer 16

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 17

UTP Cable Types Ethernet Straightthrough Ethernet Crossover Rollover 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 18

UTP Cabling Rules Straight Cross 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 19 19

Straight Cabling Rules This rule can be used to make a connection to the different device PC - Hub, PC - Switch, PC - Router Switch - Router, Hub - Router 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 20 20

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Cross Cabling Rules This rule can be used to make a connection to the same device PC - PC, Hub – Hub, Hub – Switch 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 22

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Coaxial Cable 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 24

Coaxial Cable. Applications Most versatile/flexible medium Television distribution Antena - TV Cable TV Long distance telephone transmission Can carry 10, 000 voice calls simultaneously Being replaced by fiber optic Short distance computer systems links Local area networks 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 25

Coaxial Cable-Transmission Characteristics Analog Amplifiers every few km Closer if higher frequency Up to 500 MHz Digital Repeater every 1 km Closer for higher data rates 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 26

Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable STP uses two pairs of wires that are wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil. 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 27

Fiber media Fiber-optic cabling uses either glass or plastic fibers to guide light impulses from source to destination. The bits are encoded on the fiber as light impulses. 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 28

Optical Fibre-Benefits Greater capacity Data rates of hundreds of Gbps Smaller size & weight Lower attenuation Electromagnetic isolation Greater repeater spacing 10 s of km at least 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 29

Optical Fibre. Advantages/Disadvantage Advantage – – – Greater capacity (bandwidth of up to 2 Gbps) smaller size and lighter weight lower attenuation immunity to environmental interference highly secure Disadvantage – expensive over short distance – requires highly skilled installers – adding additional nodes is difficult 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 30

Wireless media carry electromagnetic signals at radio and microwave frequencies that represent the binary digits of data communications. 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 31

Types of Wireless Networks Standard IEEE 802. 11 - Commonly referred to as Wi-Fi, is a Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology that uses a contention or nondeterministic system with a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) media access process. Standard IEEE 802. 15 - Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard, commonly known as "Bluetooth", uses a device pairing process to communicate over distances from 1 to 100 meters. Standard IEEE 802. 16 - Commonly known as Wi. MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), uses a point-to-multipoint topology to provide wireless broadband access. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) - Includes Physical layer specifications that enable the implementation of the Layer 2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) protocol to provide data transfer over mobile cellular telephony networks. 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 32

Correct Connector Termination 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 33

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Pair 1 White/blue Blue Pair 2 White/Orange Pair 3 White/Green Pair 4 White/Brown RJ 45 Connector 10/26/2021 Rj-45 connector Jaringan Komputer 34

EIA/TIA-568 A configuration 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 35

Fiber Media Connector 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 36

Simulasi Jaringan Sederhana Persiapan instalasi jaringan sederhana dalam contoh ini adalah dengan menggunakan 2 buah workstation dan 1 switch. Tiap node dihubungkan dengan kabel sehingga terlihat sesuai dengan gambar diatas. Jaringan Komputer 10/26/2021 37

IP Configuration 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 38

Konfigurasi IP 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 39

Melakukan Ping 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 40

Hasil Ping 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 41

Kesimpulan 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 42

Simulasi 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 43

Simulasi Nirkabel Sederhana Persiapan Instalasi jaringan nirkabel (wireless) sederhana dalam contoh ini adalah dengan menggunakan 2 buah workstation dan 1 acces point sehingga terlihat seperti gambar di bawah ini: 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 44

Configurasi 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 45

Melakukan Ping 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 46

Hasil Ping 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 47

Kesimpulan 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 48

Sekian Wassalamu’alaikum Wr Wb 10/26/2021 Jaringan Komputer 49