ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION Prepared by Kundariya Uttamkumar 130540106063 Padsumbiya
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION Prepared by Kundariya Uttamkumar (130540106063) Padsumbiya Harsh (130540106076) Maniyar Dharmi (130540106071) Jani Gaurang (130540106045) � Guided By Prof. Piyush B. Patel Mechanical Engg. Dept. Darshan Institute of Engg. And Tech. , Rajkot �
DRAWINGS: ( A Graphical Representation) The Fact about: If compared with Verbal or Written Description, Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time. Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.
Drawings (Some Types) Botanical Drawings ( plants, flowers etc. ) Nature Drawings ( landscape, Geographical scenery etc. ) Drawings ( maps etc. ) Portraits ( human faces, expressions etc. ) Zoological Drawings (creatures, animals etc. ) Engineering Drawings, (projections. ) Building Related Drawings. Machine component Drawings Orthographic Projections Isometric ( Mech. Engg. Term. ) or Perspective(Civil Engg. Term) (Actual Object Drawing 3 -D) (Fv, Tv & Sv. -Mech. Engg terms) (Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg. terms) (Working Drawings 2 -D type)
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANE Different Reference planes are Horizontal Plane (HP), Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP ) Side Or Profile Plane ( PP) And Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV) FV is a view projected on VP. TV is a view projected on HP. SV is a view projected on PP. IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: Planes. Pattern of planes & Pattern of views Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections 1 2 3
PLANES 1 PRINCIPAL PLANES HP AND VP AUXILIARY PLANES Auxiliary Vertical Plane (A. V. P. ) Auxiliary Inclined Plane (A. I. P. ) A. I A. V. P. to Hp & to Vp t o. V p t & o. H p . P. Profile Plane ( P. P. )
PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method) 2 THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES. ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT. BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN. THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN. PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM: - Y TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION, A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARD B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION. THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP. X Click to view Animation On clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program is safe for your pc. PP VP Y FV LSV Y X X TV HP 900 HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. 900 PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS DRAWN IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS
3 Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections First Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object Third Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object in 3 rd Quadrant. in 1 st Quadrant ( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) ( SYMBOLIC PRESENTATION OF BOTH METHODS WITH AN OBJECT STANDING ON HP ( GROUND) ON IT’S BASE. FV X TV Y Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y ) NOTE: HP term is used in 1 st Angle method & For the same Ground term is used in 3 rd Angle method of projections TV X Y FV G L
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION FOR T. V. IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE. PP VP FV LSV . Y X TV HP ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS F OR S. V FO R F. V .
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION FOR T. V. IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. ) PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT. TV X Y LSV FV ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS . F OR S. V FO R F. V .
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS { MACHINE ELEMENTS } OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS. THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES. AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES. THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP ) TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP ) SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP ) FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1 ST AND 3 RD ANGLE PROJECTION METHODS AND THEN STUDY NEXT 26 ILLUSTRATED CASES CAREFULLY. TRY TO RECOGNIZE SURFACES PERPENDICULAR TO THE ARROW DIRECTIONS
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION FOR T. V. IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE. PP VP FV LSV . Y X TV HP ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS F OR S. V FO R F. V .
FOR T. V. THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. ) PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT. TV X Y LSV FV ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS . F OR S. V FO R F. V .
FOR T. V. 1 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FO R . OR S. V FRONT VIEW L. H. SIDE VIEW F. V . F x PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD y TOP VIEW
FOR T. V. 2 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . OR F S. V X FO R Y F. V . TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD L. H. SIDE VIEW
FOR T. V. 3 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW R FO . S. V FO R F. V . X Y TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD L. H. SIDE VIEW
4 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW F OR . V. S FO X R Y F. V . TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD L. H. SIDE VIEW
FOR T. V. 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . R O F L. H. SIDE VIEW S. V FO PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD R F. V X. Y TOP VIEW
6 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . R O F S. V X FO R L. H. SIDE VIEW Y F. V . TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
7 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW FO R R O F . V. S L. H. SIDE VIEW F. V . X PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD Y TOP VIEW
STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS 8 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW 50 X Y 20 25 FO R F. V . 25 20 TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
9 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW X R FO . V. S FO R Y F. V . PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD L. H. SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FOR T. V. FRONT VIEW X L. H. SIDE VIEW Y . . V S R FO V. F. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 10 TOP VIEW
FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW FO R R O F F. V X. L. H. SIDE VIEW Y . V. S TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 11
12 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW X F OR . V. S FO R Y F. V . PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD L. H. SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW
STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS 13 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 35 FV 35 10 x 20 10 FO R 40 F. V . O PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 70 TV 30 y
STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS 14 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FV 30 10 30 SV 30 10 30 x F OR . V. S FO R y F. V . PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD TV ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL
OR 15 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FOR T. V. ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV y x 10 . V. S FO R F. V . PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 40 40 60 60 TV
FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 16 ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV y x 10 F OR . V. S FO R F. V . PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 40 40 60 60 TOP VIEW
17 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW 40 L. H. SIDE VIEW 30 SQUARE 20 50 F OR FO . V. S R O F. V X. 20 10 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD Y 30 F. V. 60 S. V.
FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 18 FV 40 X O 10 Y 45 30 D FO R 10 50 80 TV O F. V . PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
19 FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 40 FV O X 10 Y 100 10 FO 25 TV 10 30 R 20 D 30 10 25 R O F. V . PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 20 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 30 FOR T. V. FV RECT. SLOT 10 50 35 10 X 20 D FO R TV F. V . 60 D 30 D TOP VIEW O Y
21 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 10 25 15 25 40 10 25 R FO FO . V. S R O 25 F. V O. 80 F. V. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 25 S. V.
FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 450 30 FV 40 X Y FO 30 D R F. V . TV 40 O PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 40 15 22
23 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FO R HEX PART F. V . F OR 30 20 20 . V. S 40 O 20 50 20 15 O PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 30 60 100 FRONT VIEW L. H. SIDE VIEW
FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 24 40 20 FRONT VIEW F. V. 30 10 X Y O 10 30 FO R F. V 10 . 30 O PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 80 T. V. TOP VIEW
25 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 10 10 15 25 25 X Y O 50 FV LSV 10 . R O F S. V FO PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD R F. V .
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 26 FO ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS R F. V . 30 10 20 20 15 10 R O F S. V. 15 O 30 15 X Y 50 F. V. 15 LEFT S. V.
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