Origins of the Cold War The big three

Origins of the Cold War

“The big three” Winston Churchill (Great Britain), Franklin Roosevelt (U. S. ) , Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)

The U. S. and the Soviet Union differ • United during WWII in their opposition to Nazi Germany • The U. S. - capitalist democracy • The Soviet Union-dictatorship supporting the Communist Party

Capitalism w/ Democracy • • • Private Property Free trade Open markets U. S. Western Europe Freedom of religion Communism w/ Dictator • Government ownership of the means of production • Controls all aspects of economic, political, and military decisions • Classless society • Religion-government ideals

Fate of Germany • Stalin wanted to keep Germany weak and divided and remain under Soviet control • The U. S. and Britain sought a stronger, united Germany • As a result the three divided Germany into zones of occupation

“An iron curtain has descended across the Continent” (Churchill) • Ease of that iron curtain the Soviet installed communist governments and crushed political dissent – Satellite states • Democratic countries took a stand

The U. S. takes a stand, and then… • Many Asian countries become communist… • U. S. spends 400 million on aid for Greece and Turkey • WMDs in Turkey • USSR chose to retaliate by placing WMD in Cuba… (CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS!)

Cold War Hot Spots

How was Korea Divided? • Kim Il Sung = North Korea • Growing economy • Totalitarian Communism Kim Il Sung • Syngman Rhee = Republic of Korea • Unstable economy • Somewhat democratic • Aided by Americans until 1949 Syngman Rhee

How did war errupt? • Invasion on June 25, 1950 • The UN became involved and asked for an immediate cease fire – N. Korea did not adhere • June 27 th-The U. N. Security Council labeled North Korea as an aggressor; give support to South Korea • U. S. forces entered South Korea under the direction General Mac. Arthur

How did the war play out? • By September the North Koreans had pushed the U. S. and South Korean forces into a retreat • 9/15/1950: Mac. Arthur recaptured Seoul • The UN and U. S. forces were hit with a counterattack from the North Koreans– eventually settled at the 38 th parallel

• By November China had joined the war with the North – General Mac. Arthur called for a major expansion of the war. His proposal included: • Blockading China’s coast • Invading the interior of China http: //www. history. com/videos/truman-sacks-general-macarthur#truman-sacks-general-macarthur • President Truman opposed Mac. Arthur’s plan • Truman removed Mac. Arthur from his position in April 1951 • The war had reached a stalemate by the summer of 1951.

What was the result of the Election of 1952? • Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower promised to end the Korean war yet still resist the spread of Communism • Eisenhower won the electoral college 442 -89 President Eisenhower

How did the war end? • Bombing raids increased by the U. S. in North Korea in May of 1953 • July 27 th, 1953 an armistice was agreed upon. • The outcome of the war was the same dividing line that was present before the start of the war, approximately around the 38 th parallel